Simulation Study Of The Resources Optimizing Allocation And Adaptive Management In Household Ranch,Inner Mongolia

Grassland plays a very important role in ecology and economy in terrestrial ecosystems and livestock production systems. China has a very large area and distribution of grassland and the grassland is the important to domestic animal production and ecological protection. Because of increasing grazing intensity and climate change, grassland degradation is speeding up, grassland productivity decreased and husbandry profile is getting lower.Household ranch scale is the main form of grassland utilization in in northern China. The traditional ranch technical innovation was time and labor consuming, it made ranch production and management developed slowly, and then made it difficult to increase the income of the herders. Semi structured interview and the controlled comparison experiments of household ranches were used in this study during 2006 to 2012 in Siziwang Banner, Wulanchabu City, Inner Mongolia. Feed Balance Analyzer, Linear Program Optimizer and Livestock Precision Management Model, were applied in household ranch in research area to optimize and allocate the available resources, and got the simulation results of energy demand, economic benefits and methane emissions and survey data was used to test the simulation results. Statistical methods and model stimulation were used to analyze the producing and operating status of household ranch, and three types of household ranch were divided (New household ranch, Transition ranch and Traditional ranch), and modified them by models. Base on the suvery data from 2005-2012, we built a new management system mode, which including the lower stocking rate, shorter product cycle (four rounds in three year) and high level supplement, the simulate results of energy balance, profit and methan provided technical guidance and theoretical basis for the local husbandry development.The mainly results were as follows:(1) Grassland productivity of household ranch varies with precipitation in desert steppe, there are no significant difference on vegetation community diversity and yield. The optimization model was used in household ranch for long-term, which contributed to the recovery of dominant species and constructive species; self-regulation of species and gender structure of livestock in different families ranch shows the consistency; although weight variation of the different breeds matches the dynamics of grassland productivity, but in the demonstration farm, livestock weight variations in the winter-spring season were better than traditional farm, and the livestock weight fluctuations were slower than traditional family ranch.(2) Higher proportion of management expenditure in demonstration farm can improve the livestock quality, and made the net income and the profit for livestock sale significantly higher than Control farm (P<0.05). In demonstration farm, earlier lamb slaughter can not only reduced the grassland pressure, but can also achieve the higher net income for grassland unit and livestock unit.(3) In Siziwang region, the proportion of sheep and the number of local lamb were particularly important for household ranch management, while the new breed had the limited contribution to economic. The change of management, such as lower stocking rate, high level animal management, feed for grazing and supplement, enlarge household scale and resource integration were the key to improve the ranch profit. And it reflected as New household ranch> Transition ranch> Traditional ranch. Despite the new Ranch had a higher expenditure on supplement, through the adoption of new sheep breed and adaptive management, the highest return of grassland unit and livestock unit were achieved, and the net income of new ranch was 2 to 4 times more than traditional ranch and transition ranch.(4) The traditional household ranches after improving management strategies and under lower stocking rate and shorter production cycle, can increase livestock production and family benefits, promote grassland recovery and reduce methane emissions from pasture. While this mode has more annual energy deficit, additional feeding was the main way to compensate this lack.(5) StageONE model can serve as an important tool for simulating the energy balance in household ranch. Energy deficit was normal in different types of household ranch, and showed New household ranch> Transition ranch> Traditional ranch, and the simulated energy results of StageTWO model is good for summer. The simulated economic results of StageOne can be used as reference for ranch evaluating, while StageTWO model is more applicable to all types of ranches. The results of total revenues and net income increased as stocking rate increasing in some household ranches, while when the stocking rates reach a special value then they went down. The total expenditure went up with stocking rate increasing. Stocking rate of different types of optimized household ranch was New household ranch< Transition ranch< Traditional ranch; while net income was New household ranch> Transition ranch> Traditional ranch. Animal number can be decreased by 9%-26% under guarantee existing income after the Livestock Precision Management Model was used in demonstration farm.