| Water is a key factor restricting development of agriculture in China’s arid and semi-arid region, development of water-saving agriculture is the necessary way to realize mod-ernization of agriculture in China.Xinjiang is the important characteristic forestry and fruit industry base, whose fruit extension area has reached133.3hm2.It is necessary for Xinjiang to promote water-saving irrigation technique in forestry and fruit industry.It has important theory value and practical significance to develop and explore the water-saving irrigation technique suitable for China’s forestry and fruit industry for Xinjiang region as well as China’s arid, semi-arid area. Industry mulched drip irrigation(MDI) and subsurface drip irrigation (SDI)are two of the most promising water-saving irrigation techniques.In this paper, application of drip irrigation technique in fruit trees was the starting point, experiment of different water and nitrogen treatments was conducted on Cabernet Sauvignon seedings, subsurface drip irrigation (subsurface drip irrigation with tank,independent design)was designed and alternate partial root-zone drip irrigation was conducted under mulched drip irrigation condition.Effects of different treatments on root morphology and physiological characteristics of wine grapes seedlings were analyzed.Through four years of study, water-saving irrigation technique and irrigation mode that is suitable for the development of China’s fruit industry is expected to explore.The main research contents and results were as follows:1.Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on nitrogen metabolism, root morphology,root physiological activity and key enzymes of nitrogen metabolism of Vitis vinifera L’Cabernet Sauvignon’seedings were studied under mulched drip irrigation condition.The results showed that suitable water treatment (field capacity60%-90%) and three-time topdressing nitrogen application not only increased total nitrogen ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content of leaf and root,but also kept Nitrate reductase (NR) activity,Glutamine synthetase (GS)activity in root of grape seedlings at a higher level and increased the nitrogen efficiency at later growth stage.The research on plant root showed that suitable water treatment(field capacity60%-90%) and three-time topdressing nitrogen application not only improved the effective root surface area and volume and increased the number of root tips, but also promoted root system development and update and kept superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) protective enzyme activity and redox capacity at a higher level and delayed root senescence.2.Effects of different water and nitrogen treatments on Leaf physiological characteristics of Vitis vinifera L’Cabernet Sauvignon’seedings were studied under mulched drip irrigation.The results showed that suitable water treatment(field capacity60%-90%) and three-time topdressing nitrogen application increased Nitrate reductase (NR) activity and Glutamine synthetase (GS)activity in leaf of grape seedlings and kept superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase(POD) and catalase(CAT) at a higher level at later growth stage.The study on photosynthetic performance of the leaves showed that suitable water treatment(field capacity60%-90%) and three-time topdressing nitrogen application improved the content of chlorophyll and photosynthetic performance at later growth stage and improved the photosynthetic efficiency in the whole growth process.3.The anti blocking subsurface drip irrigation system and subsurface drip irrigation with tank system with independent intellectual property rights were developed. The field test of uniformity irrigation of subsurface drip irrigation with tank system showed that compared with the current domestic and international subsurface drip irrigation system,subsurface drip irrigation with tank was of low cost, less demanding of water quality, good anti blocking effect.The system conformed to China’s actual conditions in arid and semi-arid area, which was worthy of popularization and application.Irrigation uniformity was more than85%in the subsurface drip irrigation with tank, which met China’s water conservancy standard, using201.9m/hm2as an irrigation,0.25m or0.5m as tank spacing and more than15kPa as water pressure.4.Effects on growth, root morphology and physiological characteristics of Cabernet Sauvignon grape seedings were researched in three different drip irrigation patterns of mulched drip irrigation (MDI), conventional drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation with tank system(SDI).The results showed that plant growth was promoted by drip irrigation under mulched drip irrigation (MDI) and subsurface drip irrigation with tank system(SDI).Root growth and root penetration were promoted by the SDI, while aboveground growth was promoted by the MDI. The ratio of root to shoot was significantly higher by the SDI than by the MDI. SDI treatment induced vertical root increased, while MDI induced horizontal root system.The results showed that in the depth of soil layer20-60cm of root area index (RAI), root volume density (RVD)were better by the SDI than by the MDI and DI.The results showed that nutrient absorption ability of root system and absorption range in the depth of soil layer below20cm were improved and root penetration was promoted,and protective enzyme activity of root system was kept at a higher Level and the lipid peroxidation process was delayed by the SDI.5.Effects on height, internode length and leaf photosynthesis and fluorescence properties under the same irrigation period of Cabernet Sauvignon grape seedings were researched in three different drip irrigation patterns of mulched drip irrigation (MDI), conventional drip irrigation (DI) and subsurface drip irrigation with tank (SDI).During the whole growing period,SDI treatment produced adaptive adjustment to the external environment in the treatment of early,which Played a "suspension" role.Under the same irrigation period,Photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence were higher by SDI and MDI than DI.6.Effects on root distribution, root physiological characteristics in vertical direction and root activity under the same irrigation period of Cabernet Sauvignon grape seedings were researched in four different alternate partial root zone drip irrigation patterns.The results showed that DI-SDI and SDI-DI treatment effectively promoted horizontal and vertical direction root system and made the equilibrium distribution of root system in the whole space,but the SDI-SDI treatment promoted the root penetration.Study on root physiological characteristics showed that when the right side was irrigation,the DI-SDI and SDI-SDI made the root activity remained at a high level in the right, while SDI-SDI and SDI-DI were on the contrary.Under the same irrigation period when the right side was irrigation,DI-DI and SDI-DI treatment on the right side of the root earlier experienced drought stress than SDI-SDI and DI-SDI treatment,and DI-DI and DI-SDI treatment on the left side of the root experienced drought stress more intense and root activity of protective enzyme changed greatly.7.Effects on height, internode length and leaf photosynthesis and fluorescence properties under the same irrigation period and after rewatering of Cabernet Sauvignon grape seedings were researched in four different alternate partial root zone drip irrigation patterns. The results showed that root divided alternative irrigation under different drip irrigation patterns effectively inhibited Shoot growth, reduced the average length of internode and increased root-shoot ratio. Effects of SDI-DI and DI-SDI treatments on plant growth were better than DI-DI treatment. In the whole irrigation period, SDI-DI, DI-SDI and SDI-SDI treatments can keep the plant photosynthesis and fluorescence characteristics in a better level. |
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