Molecular Phylogenetics And Genetic Diversity Of Morchella In Xinjiang

Morel, the species in the genus of Morchella is one of most valuable,rare medicinal and edible mushroom.It is also one of the most important commercial mushroom in the world,and important export mushroom in China.The species of Morchella in Xinjiang is rich and unique because of special weather condition,which played a very important role in forest and grassland ecological conservation,and provided the important guatantee for the sustainable development of edible fungus industry.It is one of the typical germplasm for the rarity fungus resource.There has been much research on Resource Survey of Morchella in Xinjiang,but few studies on Molecular Identification and Its Phylogeny and Genetic Diversity.In this paper,strain identification,species diversity,Molecular phylogenetics and genetic diversity have been studied based on resource collection,and with the method of traditional biology and modern molecular biology,aimed to know more about the species composition,genetic diversity,genetic structure and genetic differentiation of Morchella in Xinjiang Province.The study results could provide scientific guidance and basis for rational development and utilization of Morchella The main contents and results were as follows:l)Morphological study of wild Morchella in Xinjiang:Morchella were identified by morphological characteristics such as size, color and shape, and with reference to the macrofungi in china, the results showed that all these morchella belonged to black modes and yellow morels, which black morels contained of M.angusticepes, M.conica, M.elata and M.semilibere, yellow morels contained of M.crassipes and M.esculenta, respectively.2)Molecular Identification of wild Morchella in Xinjiang:Taking fruit bodies as material, three strains were isolated from wild Morchella by using standard tissue culture method, and identified by morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis.The results showed that these strains manifested high sequence similarity with Morchella angusticeps, with similarity of99.0%; The phylogenetic tree also suggested that these strains were belonged to Morchella angusticeps.3)Species diversity of wild Morchella in Xinjiang:Thirty-one wild Morchella specimens, which were collected from five different areas in Xinjiang and selected on the basis differences in fruit bodies, then they were identified by morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer sequence analysis, respectively. The rusults suggested that there are two main species of wild Morchella, one is black morles, contained of Mel-17/19/20/34, Mel-23/24/31/32, Mel-13/26and Mel-2, the other is yellow morles, include Mes-17(M.vulgaris), Mes-6and Mes-7(M.prava). Black morles and yellow morles can be well seperated by internal transcribed spacer sequence, but the species of black morles can not be separated effectively.4)Molecular phylogenetics of wild Morchella in Xinjiang:Based on the combination of four-gene, ITS+RPB1+RPB2+EFla, Twenty-three samples were studied. The rusults showed that Black morles contained of Mel-19, Mel-31(M.pulchella), Mel-13, Mel-33and Mel-2,and the yellow morles include Mes-17and Mes-6. According to recent research, Mel-2and Mes-17were two new species of Morchella in China. 5)Genetic diversity of wild Morchella in Xinjiang:ISSR molecular markers were used to revealed the genetic diversity genetic structure in twenty-five populations of Morchella. Thirteen ISSR primers were screened for the amplification of Morchella,118bands were resulted, of which116were polymorphic bands at an average of eight loci per primer. At the species level, the percentage of polymorphic loci (PPB=98.31%), Nei’s gene diversity (H) was0.2404, Shannon information index (Hsp) was0.3793, indicating a high level of genetic diversity of the species. However, at population level, the PPB was only41.99%, Nei’s gene diversity (H) was0.1527, Shannon information index(Hsp) was0.2279, which demonstrated that the genetic variation of small populations tended to decrease and gengtic diversity is relatively lower. The results showed that interpopulational variation accounted for37.18%and intrapopulational variation62.82%. Moreover, molecular data on gene flow also confirmed that Genetic differentiation was existed in Morchella populations.