| Naked oat (Avena nuda. L) main planted in China. Because of the lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic functions of naked oat, it is more and more attracted by consumers in recent years. Selenium is an essential trace element for the mammalian, most of the soil in China lack of Se. Naked oat Se-enriching technology in field and Se absorption mechanism are studied in Bashang area of Zhangjiakou and some field stations of Oat and Buckwheat of China Agriculture Research System during 2012-2014. The objectives of this study are to make clear the effects of Se fertilizer to production, Se-enriching technologies and Se-enriching mechanism of naked oat, and to provide theoretical and technical basis through Se fertilizer fortification in field effectively and safely. In this study, the following conclusions are obtained:1. Different oat varieties have significant absorption rate differences to Se fertilizer (P<0.05), the Se contents are increased 677.8-1248.9% and 707.4-2466.7% compared with CK in 2 years separately. Neiyan No.5, Jinyan No.5 and Bayou No.l have high Se absorption ability, the grain Se contents are 677.8%.953.6%,864.6% and 707.4%,792.4%,1384.3% higher than CK in 2 years, and Huazao No.2, Jinyan No.13 have middle Se absorption ability, the grain Se contents are 1161.7%,1064.0% and 953.4%,1580.8% higher than CK in 2 years separately.2. The naked oat grain Se contents of the treatments sprayed different amount Se fertilizer are significantly increased (P<0.05), the grains’Se contents of the treatments sprayed Se fertilizer are 528.6-1092.9% and 654.5-1258.2% higher than CK in 2013 and 2014. The highest Se contents are 83.5 μg·hm-2 and 74.7 μg·hm-2 separately in 2 years when spraying 2100 g·hm-2 No.1 fertilizer in three-leaf stage and jointing stage, and spraying 8400 g·hm2 No.2 fertilizer in heading stage and 10 days before maturation stage. The crude protein contents of the treatments sprayed Se fertilizer are 10.1-18.9% and 2.6-12.7% higher than CK in 2 years.3. Nitrogen fertilizer increased the absorption of Se in naked oat, the grain Se contents of the 6 treatments used N fertilizer are 7.3-31.3% and 4.2-19.1% higher than CK separately in 2 years. The grain Se contents of treatment N4 (that used 180kg·hm-1,210 kg·hm-1 N fertilizer in three-leaf stage and jointing stage, sprayed 1500 g·hm2 No.1 fertilizer in three-leaf stage and jointing stage, and 6000 g·hm-2 No.2 fertilizer in heading stage and 10 days before maturation stage) are the highest in 2 years, are 62.9μg·kg-1 and 53.5μg·kg-1 separately.4. Biological organic fertilizer and water-retaining agent not affected the Se absorption in naked oat grain significantly (P>0.05). The 3 treatments which sprayed Se fertilizer increased the grain Se contents significantly, the grain Se contents of treatments T3, T4 and T5 which sprayed Se fertilizer are significantly higher than CK(.P<0.05), the Se contents are 620.8%,622.1%,651.9% and 1065.2%, 1034.8%,993.5% higher than CK in 2 years. Biological organic fertilizer can increase the grains per spike and grain yield significantly (P<0.05). The grains per spike of the treatments T2 and T5 which used biological organic fertilizer are 6.8% and 9.5% higher than CK, and the grain yield of the 2 treatments are 17.2% and 20.7% higher than CK.5 In all experimental units, the grain Se contents sprayed Se fertilizer are increased significantly (P<0.05), the increased range in 2 years are 26.8-100.0% and 42.0-93.3% separately. The Se accumulition in naked oat grain are much different in different environment, the highest grain Se contents are all in Dingxi, Gansu province both sprayed and not sprayed Se fertilizer in 2012, are 153.0μg·kg-1 and 208.9μg·kg-1 seprarately, and in 2013, the highest grain Se contents are all in Guyuan, Ningxia province both sprayed and not sprayed Se fertilizer, are 118.μg·kg-1 and 203.4μg·kg-1 seprarately.6. Base Se fertilizer can increase the spikelets per spike, grains per spike and grain weight per spike of naked oat significantly (P<0.05), and with the base fertilizer increased, the spikelets per spike increased first and decreased then.7. The Se content in root system are much higher than in stems and leaf without applying Se base fertilizer, the Se concentration in root system is slowly increased first and then quickly increased with the growth and development, but in stems and leaves, the Se concentration is always decreased slowly; Se concentration in root system and leaf are somewhat the same when applied Se base fertilizer, the Se concentration in stem shows a inverted-S dicipline that first slowly increased, then fast decreased, slowly decreased at last.8. Se base fertilizer can significantly increase the Se concentration in every organ of naked oat (P<0.05), the Se concentration in tillering stage and jointing stage is root> stem> leave; In earing stage, the Se concentration is root> leave> stem. The distribution of Se in naked oat organ in maturing stage is root>grain>leaf>stem. |
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