Effect Of Different Environmental Films Mulching And Cropping Patterns On Soil Water And Nitrogen Utilization And Summer Maize Growth

The problem which plastic film mulching caused could lead to environment pollution and land degeneration, so environmental film is considered to be a promising way to solve such problems of plastic film without compromising its positive effects. In order to explore the most effective cropping pattern of liquld film(YM), biodegradable film(JM) and plastic film(DM), a field experiment was carried out from June to November in 2013 and 2014 respectively, including 3 croping pattern treatments: flat planting with film mulching(1), ridge-furrow planting with film mulching over ridge over(2) and ridge-furrow planting with film mulching over ridges(3) with flat planting without mulching(CK) as control. Soil moisture of 0~200 cm depth, soil temperature and nutrients, summer maize growth and yield was analyzed, and the results were as follow:1. The ridge soli temperature of 5~25 cm depth with film mulching were all higher than that under CK, and warming effect of DM and ridge-furrow planting with film mulching over ridges(3) was the best. However, root zone temperature under YM2, YM3, JM2, JM3, DM2 and DM3 was significantly lower than that in CK. The results indicated that mulching and cropping patterns could influence root zone temperature and furrow soil temperature under ridge-furrow planting was lower than that under flat planting.2. Mulching treatments can improve soli moisture of 0~200 cm depth, and the water-saving effect under JM3 and DM3 was the best. Soil evapotranspiration during vegetative growth and reproductive growth period under mulching treatments were lower than that in CK, and JM3 best reduce soil water evaporation among all environmental films treatments.3. Films mulch can decrease soil organic content of 0~50 cm depth and increase soil nutrients of 0~ 50 cm depth and the difference between JM, DM and CK was significant. The average soil nitrate contnt of 0~200 cm depth under all treatments decreased gradually with days after sowing and reduction range after 20~60 d of sowing was the most significant. Nitrate content under mulching treatments were significantly higher than that in CK(P<0.05), and which under YM3, JM3 and DM3 were the largest among all treatments and the easiest to promote nutrient infiltration. Absorption and accumulation of nitrogen in overground part of summer maize under mulching treatments was higher than that in CK and which under YM3, JM3 and DM3 were the most content. In mature period, the distributions of nitrogen in different parts of maize were: fruit> leaf> stem> root.4. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area and dry matter of overground parts under mulching treatments wer higher than that under CK and which under YM were significantly lower than that under JM and DM. Film mulch also improved the root density of 0~40 cm depth and delayed root senescence of 40~100 cm depth. The difference of root characteristics between JM and DM was not significant, and both of them were higher than that in YM. Among all environmental films mulching treatments, the root characteristics under JM3 were the best.5. Compared with CK, summer maize yield under YM1, YM2 and YM3 increased by 1.86%, 11.12%, 21.63% respectively, and the difference between YM2, YM3 and CK was significant(P<0.05). And which under JM1, JM2, JM3 and DM1, DM2 DM3 increased by 13.99%, 19.58%, 35.65% and 19.16%, 27.26% 45.33% respectively, and the differences were all significant(P<0.05). Yields under ridge-furrow planting with film mulching over ridges were significantly higher than that under the other cropping pattern. Water use efficience, nitrogen use effcience and partial factor productivity(PFP) under all mulching treatments were higher than that in CK, and which under YM were significantly lower than that under JM and DM(P<0.05). Water use efficience and nitrogen use effience under DM3, JM3 and YM3 was the largest.6. According to 6 evaluation indexes of maize growth, yield, soil water, soil temperature, soil nitrate and economic benefit, the effect of different film and cropping patterns was evaluated synthetically. The result showed that the best cropping pattern was ridge-furrow planting with film mulching over ridges and the best mulching material was plastic film.Therefore, the effect of liquid film was poorer than biodegradable film and plastic film, and the difference of soil characteristics and summer maize yield between under biodegradable film and plastic film was not significant. The treatment of ridge-furrow planting with film mulching over ridges was the best among all cropping patterns in improving soil water storage, summer maize growth and yield. In conclusion, ridge-furrow planting with biodegradable film mulching over ridges would be the most effective way for maize cultication in drought area.