Study On Slide-slip Anti-blocking Furrow Opener For No-till Planter

The amount of straw resources and the soil compaction are larger in two-crop a year regions of China, that led to strict requirement for the key cultivation part of no-till planter. The active anti-blocking mechanism was used to cut the straw residues and create the corresponding seedbed environment. While the active anti-blocking mechanism with complex structure has great consumption and soil disturbance, and it was unfit for small and medium-sized no-till seeders and not beneficial to crop growth. The tine furrow opener with the properties of wear-resisting and drag reduction, which can create the suite seedbeds, was designed for no-till planters. The main conclusions and results from the study are as follows:(1) The tine furrow openers, which were designed with different structural parameters (rake angle, cutting edge curve, cutting edge thickness and penetration clearance angle), were used to conduct experiment in no-till field soil environment, analyze the effect of different structural parameters on seedbed environment (soil bulk density, soil water-stable aggregates, soil disturbance, and surface straw disturbance of the seed furrow) and operating energy consumption (draught and fuel consumption). The comprehensive evaluation among the indicators (seedbed environment, draught and fuel consumption), was made by the multi-objective optimization model. And the optimal structure parameter of the tine furrow opener was determined:rake angle 55°, concave type cutting edge curve, penetration clearance angle 4°, the smaller cutting edge thickness.(2) Results, by emulation analysis and field experiment, showed that cutting edge and the top of the tine point was the key bearing component and the main worn area of tine furrow opener. And the top of the tine point was the most serious parts of wear. Under the analysis of wear characteristics and optimization of structure parameter, the paper put forward the technique of impulsion cutting soil and opening. The tine point, was linear type, improve the soil. The cutting edge be composed of the front curve and the back curve, and the diameter of circle, where the front curve was in, was larger than the back curve. The back curve can impact and cut the soil. It decreased the extrusion force and friction surface area applied by soil, each parts of the tine can be replaced easily. The curve equation were (x-225)2+(y-389.7)2=202500 and (x-18.51)2+(y-140.59)2=14400.(3) Straw cover condition, which was suitable to no-till opening by tine furrow opener, was determined by analyzing the straw cover means and the form of blocking. According to the analyze on the disturbance of surface straw and the force situation, the motion law was clearly defined and the model on straw blockage was established. The straw, piled up in front of the shovel shaft, cannot be cut off and pulled off. The accumulated straw can only be tend to one side of the furrow and form the sideslip effect.(4) The paper put forward the design idea of straw sideslip anti-blocking during analyzing the model of straw blockage, and designed the device of straw sideslip anti-blocking. According to the test on straw disturbance and the mechanical analysis during the motor process of device of straw sideslip anti-blocking, the width and height were determined to 80mm and 150mm, respectively, and the parameters of the springs were:wire diameter 1mm, external diameter 10mm, length 26mm. Based on above, the configuration among connecting link, spring and sideslip board was determined.(5) Based on above analyze of theory and experiment, the integral structure and key structure parameter of the new anti-blocking tine furrow opener was confirmed. After produced, the new furrow opener was tested in the field. The results showed that:the average depth, width of seedbed, ridge to ridge distance, width of soil throw and the cross-sectional area of furrow were 98.6mm、13.46cm、 6.92cm、24.64cm、54.69cm2, respectively. The destruction on soil water-stable aggregate was not obvious, that was suitable for crop growth. The overall dimensions of wear was lesser and the wear was focus on the replaceable board at the top of tine point. Under the cover of all the straw, the width of straw disturbance and the rate of clearing on seedbed were 15.9cm and 74.47%, respectively, and there was no serious blocking phenomenon.