The Research On Characteristics Of Male Cytoplasm Sterile Molecule Of Beet And The Applied Research On Breeding

According to the research of the molecular characteristic of cytoplasm male sterility of beet and the applied research of breeding, then we can draw the conclusions which are as followed:Through the research of tandem repeating series of beet, we can preliminary screen out four pairs of cytoplasmic specific primers VNTR1, VNTR2, VNTR3, VNTR4, from which we can distinguish difference of mitochondrial level among Owen CMS, maintained and recovered series of beet: the PCR difference fragments of VNTR1 among CMS, maintained and recovered series of beet are 4,13 and 6 copies respectively; the PCR difference fragments of VNTR2 of beet CMS are 3 copies; the PCR different fragments of VNTR3 are 2, 3 and 3 copies respectively; the PCR different fragments of VNTR4 are 4,3 and 3 copies respectively.With the development of bud of beet, the producing efficiency of O2 from the buds increases gradually. The producing efficiency of O2 of CMS is obviously higher than the maintained series, and achieves maximum value in Huang Lei stage. The increasing rate of MDA during the different developed stages is different. The activity of SOD of CMS was significantly higher than the corresponding maintained series. The CAT activity of CMS and maintained series is different during the different stages; The CAT activity of maintained series is lower in initial bud stage and anthesis stage, The CAT activity of maintained series is higher in medium bud stage and Huang Lei stage. The POD activity of the CMS and maintained series is significantly different. The POD activity of CMS decreases from the initial bud stage to medium bud stage, then it gradually increases, and achieves maximum value in anthesis stage. The POD activity of maintained series is relatively stable.At the forming stage of bud of beet, we can find the contents of IAA. The contents of IAA in bud of CMS are lower than maintained series. At the forming stage of bud, the contents of ABA of the CMS and maintained series reach maximum value. At the Huang Lei stage, the contents of ABA of the CMS and maintained series reduce to minimum value. Then, the contents of ABA gradually recover. During this period, the ABA level of CMS is always higher than maintained series. At the beginning developed stage of bud, the contents of GA3 of CMS are lower than the maintained series. At pollen mature stage, the contents of GA3 of CMS and maintained series are almost the same. The relationship between the contents of IPA and fertility of sugar beet is unknown and needing further research. The contents of DHZR of CMS are significantly lower than the maintained series at the initial bud stage, medium bud stage and Hua Lei stage. From the initial bud forming stage to the Lei Huang stage, the two stages are critical periods of the occurrence of the male sterile pollen abortion. During these periods, the contents of ZR of CMS and maintained series are different The contents of ZR of sterile buds are relatively increased rapidly, while the contents of ZR of maintained series are increased slowly than CMS.The contents of soluble sugar in bud of CMS and maintained series show tendency of increasing at the initial stage, they reach the maximum value at the Huang Lei stage. The contents of soluble sugar in bud reduce to the minimum value during the anthesis. In addition, the contents of soluble sugar in bud of sugar beet are lower than the maintained series. The changed regularity of starch and soluble protein contents of CMS and the maintained series is not clear. Free amino acids contents of CMS of beet are always higher than recovered series.This research shows that three common cytoplasm of cultivated beet account for about 90.47%, while the K-5 model, Ho and other types of cytoplasm represent less than 10%. The figures further illustrate the urgency and importance of enriching the beet cytoplasmic types. From the experimental research, we can find that "the other types of cytoplasm" only account for 2.3% in all kinds of sugar beets, which indicates that the sugar beet cytoplasm type is rather simplistic; the "other types of cytoplasm" in other beet types reach 9.5%. It illustrates the rich genetic diversity in the cytoplasm among these beets. The diversity is important resource to widen genetic base of sugar beet.These experiments adopt the combination methods of molecular detection and conventional breeding techniques, the methods can improve the breeding efficiency of the maintained series of beet. The election rate of these methods used in this research is higher than the traditional method more than 15%. After the eliminating of molecular test, the probability of sterile plants emerged in the group increases about 10 times.