| Objective:To determine the prvalence of hypertension, rates of awareness, treatment and control for hypertension and its risk factors in Tianjin urban residents.Methods:Using a multi-stage random sampling method, two community health service centers were selected from each urban administrative district of Tianjin,, and two or three districts were randomly selected from each center. A total of24828people aged18-80years were included in the analysis. The selected medical students and community doctors were as investigators trained. A household survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire. The survey included quesionnaire and physical examination. The statistical software SPSS15.0for windows was used to analyze the prevalence and Amos7.0was used for analysis of structural equation model..Results:A total of24828people (male11812,47.6%and13016female,52.4%) were included in the study. The sex ratio of male to female was0.91. The mean age was48.22±16.28years. The mean systolic blood pressure was125.05±15.39mm Hg, and the mean diastolic blood pressure was79.48±8.84mm Hg. The mean blood pressure level of male was higher than that of female, and it increased with age. The total hypertension prevalence rate was26.2%. There was no significance difference between prevalence rates of male (26.4%) and female (26.0%). According to Fifth population census data of China (2000), the total standardized prevalence of hypertension was16.4%,17.4%in male, and15.5%in female. According to compostion of the population in Tianjin (2008), the total standardized prevalence of hypertension was21.2%,21.6%in male, and20.9%in female. Prehypertension prevalence was55.7%, higher in male (62.4%) than in female (49.7%). The prevalece of isolated systolic hypertension was7.3%, lower in male (6.8%) than in female (7.7%). The awareness, treatment,and control rates of hypertension were66.8%,61.7%, and13.8%respectively. Each one was lower in maile than in female, and it increased with age. We made structural models between influence factors and hypertension by gender. In the male model, the results showed that in the higher SES level, the rates of smoking, drinking and hypertension were lower, and the rates of active exercises and dyslipidemia were higher. In the higher GDP level, the rates of smoking, dyslipidemia and hypertension were lower, and the rates of active exercises was higher. SES was positively correlated with GDP. Smoking was a risk factor for dyslipidemia. Drinking was a risk factor for overweight and dyslipidemia. The rates of dyslipidemia and diabetes were lower in the group who had enough exercises. The salt intake was a risk factor for hypertension. Smoking was positively correlated with drinking. Standardized total effects results showed that the risk factors of hypertension were family history of hypertension, higher BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes, higher salt intake, drinking, and exercises. The protective factors were higher GDP and SES. In the female model, the results showed that in the higher SES level, the rates of smoking, overweight, and hypertension were lower, and the rate of dyslipidemia were higher. In the higher GDP level, the rates of smoking, dyslipidemia and hypertension were lower, and the rate of acive exercise was higher. SES was positively correlated with GDP. The smokers had a lower BMI on average. The rates of dyslipidemia and overweight were higher in the group who had enough exercises. The higher salt intake was a risk factor for dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes. Smoking was positively correlated with drinking. Standardzied total effects result showed that the risk factors of hypertension were family history of hypertension, higher BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes, higher salt intake, exercise and smoking. The protective factors were higher GDP, higher SES and drinking.Conclusions:The results showed the prevalence of hypertension was lower than that of China National Nutrition and Health Status (2002). The rates of awareness, treatment and control of hypertension were improved, but still not ideal. The risk factors for hypertension were family history of hypertension, BMI, dyslipidemia, diabetes, salt intake, exercises, smoking and drinking. Model had a consisitent appearance between male and female, but the path coefficient was different. SES, GDP had an indirect effect on hypertension through the life behavior and health status, and they also had an direct effect on hypertension. The results suggested that external socio-economic factors also played an important role in the process of disease. |
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