The Study Of "Jin Kui Yao Lue" (Synopsis Of Prescriptions Of The Golden Chamber) And The Regular Patterns In The Treatment Of Xiao Ke Disease

Xiao Ke disease (wasting and thirsting disease) is a common disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine ("TCM"). Clinically, the typical symptoms are polydipsia, polyphagia, polyuria, and fatigue and weight loss. Diabetes falls within the scope of "Xiao Ke disease" in TCM. Currently, it has become a common disease with global prevalence and has caused serious harm to the human health. Effort has been made in exploring for and actively seeking treatments as well as desirable methods and prescriptions to control Xiao Ke disease. It has become one of the key topics that need to be addressed and overcome urgently by the world’s medical profession today.In this paper, review has been carried out on the TCM related elaboration, etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatments of Xiao Ke disease. "Jin Kui Yao Lue" (Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber) and the regular patterns in the treatment of Xiao Ke disease adopted by the key physicians in the past dynasties, as well as the progress made in the research on the use of Shen Qi Wan (pill to support the kidney qi) to treat Xiao Ke disease have been explored and analysed. The objective is to offer more effective ideas and methods for treatments for clinical treatment of Xiao Ke disease. At the same time, the regular patterns of treatments for Xiao Ke disease using TCM have been explored through the methods of research on medical literature, reorganization and summarization. It is hoped that more references and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of Xiao Ke disease can be offered.The key contents of this research are summarized as follows:The method of bibliography has been adopted to gather and reorganize literature from the ancient to the modern times. A comprehensive summary and review of the discussions and analyses about Xiao Ke disease put forward by key physicians from the past dynasties have been carried out. The evolution of the names of the disease, etiology, pathogenesis, classification of the syndrome patterns, rules of treatment, prescriptions and many other aspects of Xiao Ke disease have been systematically elaborated. Every effort has been made in understanding the overall development patterns in the treatments of Xiao Ke disease based on syndrome differentiation. The etiology and pathogenesis, as well as the methods of diagnosis and treatments of Xiao Ke disease have been summarized to lay the foundation of the literature for future research.The knowledge about Xiao Ke disease as laid out in "Jin Kui Yao Lue" (Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber) has been systematically compiled and summarized. How the classic discussions offered guidance to and influenced the diagnosis and treatments adopted by the later generations have been explored. The concept of kidney-oriented treatments put forth by Zhang Zhongjing as well as the methods of and the prescriptions for treatments of Xiao Ke disease and the complications as presented in "Jin Kui Yao Lue" have been illustrated. All these have profound impact on the clinical physicians of the later generations and the modern times. In terms of guiding clinical practice, there is still practical significance to this day.The knowledge, inheritance and development of Shen Qi Wan (pill to support the kidney qi) in "Jin Kui Yao Lue" effected by eminent physicians from ancient to modern times have been systematically reorganized and explored. From the research of the literature, it can be derived that most physicians believed that Shen Qi Wan was an agent for warming kidney and transforming qi rather than a prescription for warming and tonifying kidney yang. That was why it has been named as "Shen Qi Wan" (pill that supports the kidney qi) instead of "Shen Yang Wan" (pill for kidney yang). It also has wide range of clinical applications and is suitable for use in internal medicine and surgery for all disciplines of gynaecological and paediatric diseases. The unlimited vitality in the clinical applications of classical prescription has been fully demonstrated. This paper has elaborated on the effects of such prescription, which include promoting diuresis and reducing water retention, regulating qi movement, invigorating blood vessels, assisting transformation of qi, promoting and tonifying water movement, and regulating yin and yang. It has been pointed out that Shen Qi Wan is a prescription for distribution and moisturizing dryness, a prescription for harmonizing water and fire, a prescription for controlling the kidney qi, a prescription for promoting and replenishing congenital deficiency, a prescription for transforming qi and reducing water retention, and a prescription for warming and tonifying "Mingmen" (gate of life). Therefore, the analysis and the study of the composition of the prescription in Shen Qi Wan, as well as the exploration and analysis of the medication rules therein would be of great significance in effectively promoting the strength of TCM in treatment based on syndrome differentiation. In the future, there is also a need to expand the research on this ancient and well-known prescription from the perspective of modern experimental studies and to study and explore its effects and mechanism of action so as to guide the clinical practices more effectively.