The Establishment And Development Of The American Industrial Heritage Conservation System And Its Enlightenment For China

Industrial revolution had made significant contributions to the worlds. Since the end of the Second World War, a lot of traditional industry was closured with the development of science and technique. The protecting and researching on the industrial heritage has become an important content for many countries in the world. There are large quantities of industrial heritages in the world. It has been about60years since the starting of conservation and research on industrial heritage in western countries in1950s. Industrial archaeology has been recognized as a filed in U.K. The National Historic Preservation Act of1966was passed by U.S. Congress. The A.merican Industry Heritage Conservation System (AIHCS) was gradually evolved after the law issued. The AIHCS integrates the concrete practices between the government and people in U.S. The industrial heritage is fully protected by the optimized resource allocation in the system. It will greatly promote the sustainable development of the society.By collecting, reviewing and summarizing literature data, this research finds that there are inherent relations between different literature data. Based on course theory of archaeology, history, architecture, landscape design and management, this research builds up a coherent framework of AIHCS.Under the background of the rise of the industrial archaeology research, this dissertation mainly studied the sprout and development of AIHCS. And the operating mechanism of the conservation system, in which internal elements are interrelated, is also investigated in this paper. Take this as an opportunity, this paper provides some suggestions for Chinese Industrial Heritage Conservation System. The emphasis of this dissertation is as follows:At first, this dissertation analyzes the birth and development of industrial archaeology. This paper also studies on the basic theories of industrial archaeology in U.K., which guides the practices of industrial heritage conservation. This paper discusses the communication of industrial heritage conservation in the world. This communication promotes the formation of AIHCS on the basis of industrial archaeology theory.Secondly, this dissertation divides the process of formation of AIHCS for four historic periods. The1930s is the sprouting period. This period represented by the early industrial heritage conservation movement and the Historic American Building Survey project, which organized by the National Park Service.The1960-1970s is the former period, which sign is the National Historic Preservation Act of1966and Tax Reform Act of1976. The Federal government began to intervene and dominate practical activities of the industrial heritage conservation, and improved directness and indirectness funding formula. The AIHCS was gradually formed from the top down. The1990s is the fast development period. A few basic conservation system was established. The AIHCS grew into maturity gradually.Moreover, building on the systematology of philosophy and relevant theories of heritage managing, this dissertation, constructed an operation mechanism model for mature period of AIHCS. This dissertation studied AIHCS detailed operation mechanism from the following four aspects:organizations and structures (federal agency, state agency and civil organisation), legislation foundation (National Historic Preservation Act of1966and Tax Reform Act of1976), capital investment (directness and indirectness economic means) and personnel training (professional training and public understanding).Finally, this dissertation analyzed the status quo of China industry heritage conservation and research. And this dissertation discussed that the urban renewal and infrastructure development brought the challage to the industry heritage conservation in China. By analyzing and comparing the historical parallels of industrial heritage between China and U.S., this dissertation also provides some inspirations for reference to the motherland based on the research on AIHCS.