The Contradictions Between Manchu And Han And The Late Qing Council (1884-1912)

Related outcomes of this study, by overall Qing Dynasty vision, and combination ofqualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, as the center of the upper ruling class, the firstto compare systematically portrayed Jiashen YiShu to clear the contradictions betweenManchu and Han death nearly three decades. The evolution for the first time a moresystematic in-depth Analysis of the Evolution of the Manchu and contradictions of the periodand the late Qing Dynasty national policy toward the Bureau of association, highlighting thecomplexity and twists and turns of political history in the late Qing Dynasty, both overall anddetails of the breakthrough.The contradictions between Manchu and Han is one of the characteristics of the core ofthe political history of the Qing Dynasty. Flourished in Manchuria to both hardware andsoftware use and tame Han, Ran Qing Manchu cooperation has always been the lack ofmutual trust and equality, the Han Chinese is always in absolute political weakness. Its root, isinternalized in the hearts of past dynasties emperor Sung full suppression Han, full Yu Hanancestral system, the Qing court to account for the absolute majority of the population ofhundreds of millions of Han Chinese always be suspicion and prevention.Mid-Qing Dynasty Manchu ethnic conflicts on the surface tends to ease, however, itsundercurrent has not stopped. Kerry Road since proved, the Qing government enough toco-ordinate the global status, strength and talent is far from sufficient to Vice-phase, fulloverall political wisdom and political ability successive degradation. The face of internal andexternal crisis of rule, the Manchu rulers should be pretty stupid, the Manchu distinction ofnot only failed to chemical control, save and consolidate the so-called "Manchu Union, butsince the period of the Kerry Road began in the Qing Ting Zhongshu line centralized Qingui apolicy, since the same strain, becomes stronger, produce adverse effects the Manchucontradiction and the late Qing Council.Hongyang Incident no doubt is the key to the forces of growth and decline of the lateQing Dynasty Manchu bureaucracy Group, led by Xiang Army generals to Tseng insuppressing insurrection successive mastered the local power, the formation of the governorsof the dictatorship of the Qing court and then the apprehension of the Southern Han Chinesemilitary and political group prevention is obvious. Therefore, at the same time, the royal interference in domestic affairs the intensity higher than ever before, creating a Qing Dynasty,a royal political peak the Tongzhi toward the open Qing "Wales Politics" mode, and hascontinued to death.From the Manchu forces of growth and decline of the whole period of GuangxuXuantong dynasties, the Qing Manchu nobility forces contrarian rebound them at every step,and created many of the highest of the Qing Dynasty. Jia Shen Yi Shu Qing court can bedescribed as yet another coup, is also the Guangxu toward the Manchu Pai Han centralizationof the first wave, the Manchu contradiction, though not the main cause, but its a major forcebehind, followed by the Han Chinese forces in the Qing dynasty central collective recession,in fact, late clear political direction the depravity of the most important turning point.During the Sino Manchu forces to compromise the anti-Japanese, but mutual suspicionstill phase and always. Before the war the contradictions between Manchu and Han caused byethnic separatism and seriously affected the overall national strength. During the war, the theManchu distinction of the two sides distrust and waste a lot of war situation. Japan Manchucontradiction utilization played a big blow to the role of the morale of the Chinese people.The Manchu contradiction also greatly shaken the confidence and determination of the Qingcourt war, had a significant impact on the strategy of the Qing.After the war of1894, China verge of subjugation and genocide edge, Kang, Liang HanChinese elite faction advocated the Reform Movement for the Restoration of the subjectchanged political,"Paul" as the core for the direct purpose of decentralization, a serious threatto Manchuria tribal interests, most large to stimulate the nerves of the Manchu. Conflict ofinterest between the interests of national interests and the dynasty concentrated in the lastManchu between the actual occurrence of the Reform Movement failure inevitable, Manchuand intensification of the conflict is equally inevitable.Toward the new century, the Qing court, faced with a serious lack of trust of the Manchuconfrontation. Reform Movement of1898, the of Han bureaucratic strength drops, the rapidrise of the Manchuria Qingui conservative forces, The contradictions between Manchu andHan gradually intensified. Empress, Zai and other self-interest, accusing him of dethronementplot, stricken strong opposition from Han Chinese gentry, repeatedly frustrated, they disregardof the interests of the nation-state, using the Boxers, the eight countries at the same time thewar, Rexia mortal catastrophe. To face the critical situation of the country broken and death of people, mainly by Han Chinese, Southeast gentry southeast of initiatives established mutualinsurance, not only this, Zhang Zhidong For independent king, Li Guangdong and Guangxiindependent even do the first Chinese president of a plan, Kang, Liang planning ofGuangdong and Guangxi raised an army loyalist, destroy the capital, the Chinese parliamentwas discussing a separate central government, Tang Caichang formation of self-military planlarge-scale uprising in the Yangtze River Basin, Southeast Han Chinese Ming forces linedawareness highlights.If the Reform Movement of1898Han Chinese gentry deeply disappointed by the Qingcourt, is the Boxer country changed so that they almost despair, Manchu struggle is becomingclear, inevitably entered a new phase. Years Guangxu quarter, the Manchu distinction of theexistence of the Manchu and contradictions become increasingly prominent, the Manchubecome the focus of attention of public opinion. Yu-Qing court in the progenitor system,refused to fundamental change in the Banner system, and local reformers, or nominal, orleave the royal prerogative, the overall situation in the Manchu natural to no avail. TheManchu rulers, on the other hand, was clearly to strengthen the Pai Han centralized pace,Chong full movement of the royal cabinet signs climax, full of people suffered unprecedentedisolation.Internal and external intensified revolutionary wave, the Qing government has been afootnote for the Revolutionary Party propaganda. The constitutional movement initiated bythe Han Chinese, always to the Han Chinese as the main stated aim is the constitutionalnational salvation, but the implication is clearly to break the political superiority of theManchu, decentralized full meaning. Constitutionalists several large Congress petition isrefused, the Qing court disappointment, the radical who has demonstrated a tendency tosponsor revolution. In the spring of1911, the establishment of the royal cabinet, furtherintensification of the Manchu and contradictions, and soon the outbreak of the WuchangUprising, Chinese revolutionaries and constitutionalists alliance filled sports climax,Manchuria rule quickly fall apart.