| In the eyes of Fang Dongmei, The issue on "Chorismos of human" was originated from the thinking mode and ideology of "binary opposition". It manifests, in religion, as the separation between human and deity; in philosophy, as the contradiction and opposition between phenomenon and noumena, subjective and objective, primary quality and secondary quality, subjectiveness and objectiveness; in philosophical theory of human nature, as conflict and struggle between crime and punishment, soul and body. All kinds of antagonism, strife and wars in the world come from this thinking mode.Fang Dongmei believes that Chinese philosophy, in particular Huyan School’s philosophy characterized by boundless and perfect harmony, can solve all the problems of life and society, which are produced by "Chorismos of human".In Avatamsaka Sutra, Maha-vairocana is regarded as the symbol and embodiment of Bodhi, the highest spiritual state in universe, and Prajna, supreme wisdom, and as well the absolute truth, the spiritual nauminon in universe, whose appearance like sunrise turns Buddha’s state and wisdom into light, and shines on the infinite universe, to make glowing eternal tathata, the truth of the universe. This world is the so called "the Oneness reality Realm".In "the Oneness reality Realm", all things in universe possess buddhata, which is the presence of Buddha’s mentation. Based on one’s own buddhata, everybody can become the Buddha under the inspiration of the mentation of Maha-vairocana, so that the light of his inner life will come out and be fused into a whole together with the spiritual light of Maha-vairocana. This process of practicing according to the Buddha dharma and gradual promotion of mind state is just "the upward turning", while "the downward turning" means to apply the wisdom and spiritual strength in the state of the Buddhas into reality world so as to serve the society and life. Through this process of "upward and downward turning", which is unceasing, everybody will become the incarnation of brightness, with light shining on light and adding radiance to each other. Thus, the reality world with impermanent sufferings will turn into "the enlightened world", which is full of eternity, happiness and harmony.By using philosophical language, generations of great masters of Hua Yan School have established, based on the highest spiritual state in Avatamsaka Sutra, an extensive and profound system of Buddhist theory, embracing "Causation of Dharma-realm","Three Views of Dharma-realm","Four Dharma-realms","the Ten Metaphysical Dimensionalities", and "Perfect Harmony of Six Phases"."The Theory on Causation of Dharma-realm" serves as the basis of the perfect-harmony philosophy of Hua Yan School, and is as well the most satisfactory theory about the arising and ceasing of all things in universe. Within "the Oneness reality Realm", all things in universe are the incarnation of Buddha nature, which possess the quality of "emptiness embracing trueness", and appear when Buddhist association arises and disappear when it goes. They all start from and finally go back to Buddha nature, that is,"oneness" is all, and all is "oneness". With these propositions put forward, the "binary opposition" problem on the reciprocal causation of all the things in universe get thoroughly eliminated, which has been long-perplexed.Fang Dongmei pays special attention to "Three Views of Dharma-realm", proposed by Great Master Tu-shun, namely1) view of real-emptiness,2) view of non-hindrance between principle and phenomena,3) view of all-round inclusion, which embraces the fundamental thinking and frame of the philosophy of Hua Yan School.In the eyes of Fang Dongmei,"the realm of absolute principle", the highest spiritual stage in universe, is the metaphysical world, whereas "the realm of individual phenomena, the phenomenal world.In the light of the philosophy of Plato, the Supernal world in universe and the fallen world are isolated from each other. However, Hua Yan School holds that "the light of reason" inside the state of absolute principle can shine on the phenomenal world, in which the polluted phenomena, by the action of human spirit, gets surpassed and sublimated, and enters the metaphysical world. It thereafter transforms into a clean domain, that is,"the realm of non-hindrance between principle and phenomena." Shined by the light of the highest spirit, any kind of antagonism in the world will be dissolved, and individual things can be linked up with perfect harmony, which is called "the realm of non-obstruction among phenomena".Both "the Ten Metaphysical Causation" and "the Perfect Harmony of Six phases" provide with elaboration on "the dharma-realm of non-hindrance among phenomena", which is considered as the highest philosophical wisdom in the philosophy of Huayan School. The former talks about the perfect harmony among those endless various realms achieved through infinite causes; while the latter says that the six phases, namely, totality, distinction, sameness, difference, formation and disintegration, have the same causation, which are closely connected and according with each other. They are of different visual angles and inter-related so as to form an unity of universe with perfect harmony.The philosophy of the Huayan School characterized by perfect harmony is possessed of the following three typical characteristics:First of all, it came into being through absorbing the philosophical thoughts from the philosophies of primitive Confucianism and Taoism, Mahayana and Hinayana Buddhism and various Chinese schools of Mahayana Buddhism, which also gets to resolve the contradictions among these theories.Secondly, it is the unconditioned dharma, that is, the paramount realm, through which all different realms in the life of human nature can be overlooked from the point of "the Oneness".Thirdly, it is a kind of life wisdom, which can embrace and absorb all philosophical thoughts.In summary, Fang Dongmei lays the philosophy of Huayan School as the basis of his thoughts, reflects on the deep meanings in the philosophies of Confucianism and Taoism, and makes his theory associated and integrated with Western philosophies. Besides, Fang Dongmei constructs, with reference to "the Oneness Reality Realm", a new philosophical system embracing value ideal, value standard and value model pursued from ancient times to the present and in all cultures. He puts forward this concept of "Spiritual Luminosity Realm" in order to rebuild the spiritual home of human beings.Fang Dongmei divides universe into the natural level and transcendental level. In the former, there are successively material world, life world and mind world with the grade upward, while in the latter, artistic state, moral state, and religious state in proper order. At the highest point above the transcendental level there exists the profound, endless and metaphysical truth, that is,"the Realm of Spiritual Luminosity"Fang Dongmei aims to instruct the mind of human into "the Realm of Spiritual Luminosity" so that "natural man" finally through different states becomes "holly man"Actually, the entrance into the "the Realm of Spiritual Luminosity" is just the first step to save the world. The second step is to give full play to the endless wisdom and spiritual strength and implement it in any human nature, in other words,"to carry it out through any realm, any domain till to reach the bottom of the material world."As "the construction blueprint" designed by Fang Dongmei is set up, all the states from the lowest material world to the highest point of spirit will be inter-related and integrated into one so as to become a cubic universe with perfect harmony. The perfect holly dignity pursued by different religions and philosophies will be fused into a whole in "the Realm of Spiritual Luminosity". Meanwhile, various countries, nationalities, cultures and individuals can co-exist without any hindrance. Consequently, all the phenomena and following problems, and any antagonism, conflict and war will disappear and do not exist forever. |
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