Southeast Of The Song Dynasty Changes Of Rural Economy And Rural Governance Study

The Song Dynasty southeast of rural economic changes refers to the development of rural commodity economy, Rooted in the land system change to the development of commodity economy in the Song Dynasty, Song private ownership of land is established. The land management system tenancy system replaces the self-farming system, and due to the profound changes in land ownership, tenancy system becomes the dominant way of rural agricultural operations. The tenancy system is an efficient land management system to promote the rapid growth of the rural commodity economy, there has been the trend of agricultural commercialization and commercial production. Food commercialization leads to bulk agricultural commodities. There appears an unprecedented development in commercial production of tea, fruit, aquaculture, and sericulture sideline. The development of rural commodity economy causes many new social contradictions such as the gap between rich and poor, the intensified confrontation, increasingly uneven Tax, increased social mobility, and the moral anomie situation, with the rich-poor division and confrontation being the concentrated expression. The rural wealth overspill at the same time is faced with the problem of the order reconstruction. In this regard, the state and social forces at different levels adjust and govern it, at the national level, they implement "Limiting Farmland measures" and "tax reform measures"; the local grassroots officials adjust Tenancy relationship through the advice of agricultural activities on agricultural production; however, the governance and control measures are overall more of failure than success. Social forces make up for the inefficiency of state governance. The participation of the landlord class in rural governance played a considerable co-ordination role, acting as the protagonist in the country to send relief to famine areas. In Song Dynasty, people even developed the " Free estate "," Volunteer Labor"," Social Storehouses," and other kinship, and geo-economic and mutual aid organizations. The natures of these economic organizations, in essence, are small collective public property attributes. The Song Dynasty people want to take advantage of the aggregation of social forces on its public property relations to solve and fight against the evils and problems of the private property relationship. These private economic mutual aid organizations also exert a certain amount of regulation on the Song Dynasty rural economic and social order which are to be patched to a certain extent, but due to the improper intervention of the state and the class limitations of the wealthy class, the order reconstruction is unlikely to escape the historical fate of that "good law and good intentions will be bad after a long times". The Song Dynasty village society gradually falls in the swing between affluence and disturbance. What is worth noticing is that the participation of the Song Dynasty social forces in village governance and the order reconstruction is premised on the national guidance and management, which is difficult to achieve a degree of "autonomy". Proper management and guidance of the nation is the key factor for social forces to play an effective role in order reconstruction. Often the forceful intervention of the national force is necessary for the wealthy class to participate in the famine relief, while for the self-organized Economic Mutual Aid Organizations, the country should respect their autonomy, protect the integrity and independence of its collective property rights so that they can improve operational effectiveness.