The Theory And Empirical Study On Gravity Model Of Ice Snow Tourism Destination

In recent years, ice and snow tourism has become a new vigorously developed tourist activity in our country. It has made rapid development and demonstrated the unique charm. At present, ice and snow tourism in foreign countries mainly concentrates in the North American and European regions; China’s ice and snow tourism development mainly concentrate in three Northeastern provinces in China. Driven by market profit in recent years, ice and snow tourism resources are continually developed in North China, northwest, southwest and other places. Indoor ice and snow tourism was even built in some places, which develops the denotation and connotation of the ice and snow tourism.This paper is devoted to the patella frontal tourism destination theory and empirical study of gravity model. In view of the study deficiency of the current tourism destination gravity model theory, this thesis focuses on the ice and snow destination gravitational mode, the quantitative analysis of the relationship between the attraction factors and the tourism destination attraction and the measurement analysis of ice and snow destination attraction strength. Based on the basic theories in geography, combined with the theory research of tourism economics, tourism planning, tourism industry economics and marketing, the thesis researches the ice and snow tourist destination attraction mechanism from the empirical aspect. Through the hierarchical analysis to the factors of ice and snow tourism destination attraction, the thesis constructs the attraction factors’ conceptual model of the ice and snow tourism destination. Through the correlation analysis between the attraction factors and ice snow tourism destination attraction strength, the thesis constructs the gravity mode and applies it to different types of ice snow tourism destination to check its feasibility in practice, so as to predict the development of ice and snow tourism, and to provide theory basis and reference on the ice snow tourism development.Ice snow tourism destination was classified into three types in this research, that is, resource oriented, market oriented and middle oriented. The factors which affect ice snow tourism destination attraction development mode are classified into experience factors, support factors and restrict factors, including seven sub-categories, that is, ice snow resources, activities richness, infrastructure construction, geographic conditions, government behavior, climate difference and distance factors. In the target sample selection, based on the three classifications in ice and snow tourism destination, the thesis selects two city tourism destinations for comparative studies in each category, and selects one sample in special area such as the market oriented tourism destination. The domestic first-level sources are selected as the major research subjects. When calculating the gravity of one destination for multiple sources, the thesis takes the average numerical calculation so as to avoid the gravity strength disturbance when parts of the destinations are closer to its source.This thesis includes four parts. The first part establishes the theoretic conceptual model of the ice snow tourism destination attraction, and classifies the domestic and international ice snow tourism development into three types on the basis of this model. In the second part, from Chapter Four to Chapter Seven, the thesis analyzes the influence factors of gravity model, under the guidance of the conceptual model of the ice snow tourism destination attraction factors. This part classifies the attraction factors into three types, the experience, the support and the restricted; analyzes the influence mechanism of the three factors on the destination’s gravitation from the angle of industrial economics; analyzes and evaluates the present situation of the three types of factors; analyzes the relation between the experience, the support and the restricted factors in the development of level measurement index and destination gravity. Analysis of measuring indexes is the premise of the quantitative gravitational factors analysis. Correlation analysis studies the correlation between the chosen indicators and the destination gravity, thus enhancing the relationship between subjective cognition. The third part, including Chapter Eight, quantitatively studies the ice snow tourism destination attraction, and, based on the variable’s indicator system, assesses the variable’s timing effects and section effects with the principal component analysis models. The fourth part is case analysis. Taking Jilin City as the example, this part analyzes the mechanism of Jilin ice snow tourism attraction, researches the relationship between the ice snow tourism’s intensity and gravity factors, and proposes corresponding suggestions to improve the ice snow tourism destination attraction strength of Jilin City.