The Study Of Families’s Culture And Literature In Hedong County During Northern Qi, Sui And Tang Dynasties

The doctoral thesis bases on study of culture and literature of Hedong’s families during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, including the origin in the time of Northern Qi and and continuators of the middle and late Tang. Regional literature research is a relatively old topic. Gu Yanwu talked about the differences of the people, folklore, products, topography and other conditions, with which he analysed the pros and cons in "Merits and Drawbacks of All the Provinces and Counties in China". After that, Liang Qichao, Rao Zongyi and Chen Yinque explained culture styles, origin, performance and other factors in their respective areas of expertise by geographical concept. The explanations of geographical features and property were also in "The Book of History·Yu Gong ", and various folkways were analysed in detail and intuitively in another book "Collected Biographies of the Commercial and Industrial Management". All of these came into the visions of researchers as basic historical facts to build academic theoretical framework.The research of family bases on the regional culture. The local culture is the carrier of family literature and family literature constitutes the top performance of the local culture. The cultural identity demonstrated by region, especially by the academic atmosphere of Confucianism, Confucian Classics study, historiography and so on that are united by household and reflect overall polymerization, bases on the background of "only know the clan, but not country" in Wei and Jin Dynasties. The paper also refers to several large families in Hedong region. Considering the integral cultural traits, the paper explores the origin of individual literature’s trait and reason of Confucianism and Taoism culture. It has several reference points. First, the history of family change. It runs through the text, considering the cultural features always changed as families did. Second are the distinction and causes of family commonness and individuality. Geographical style reflects the commonality among families which also is the style of local culture performance. Whereas personality hides outside of common, there are root causes. That is connected with other geographical families or constitutes a guiding factor in changing times. Third, the paper is to explore deep cultural roots from the outside of literature, or to study the performance of the literature due to the cultural roots. Trying to found a necessary and certainly logical link between these is the difficulty of the paper, as well as the direction of construction. The paper explains the region features by studying family culture and literature. The chapters are structured as follows:The part of introduction is an overall analysis of regional literature research and family literary studies, that is, by Pointing out the tendency that nowadays regional literature research is extending to various geographical literature from the town literary center, which is a basic research methods, points out the new and old methods. Because geographical family literary research is becoming a center of literary study over the past decade, the paper makes a brief review of the research results and points out the necessity and value.The first chapter "the source and flow of Hefen culture" contains three sections. Hedong geographical culture based on Hefen cultural patterns, also was the most typical culture of Hefen. On this basis, the paper identifies three concepts:Hefen, Hefen culture and the study of Hefen. Then the paper discriminates the distinction between Hefen and Hedong. The former focuses on the Fen river which between the West River and the East River, however, the latter appears in the form of Hedong county. Since the Han dynasty, the collocation to Hedong county wasn’t consistent, especially before Sui and after Sui and Tang. The Hedong County and Hedong Road covered a wide area, including the Fen River and even more northern part of Yun-Dai region, whereas Hedong County mainly covered Pu County and Jiang County, which is included in this paper. Then, the paper explains the geographical phenomenon from Northern Qi to Tang Dynasty by family unit. Because of the An Lushan-Shi Siming Rebellion, Hedong Geographical writers showed different development trends. Sui and early Tang, Kaiyuan and Tianbao, two productive periods, family Wang grew a large number of outstanding writers, which depressed after the rebellion. Suffered long-term North-South split, Hedong area earlierly revived the culture of Confucianism and Taoism and showed great vitality in Northern Wei Dynasty.The second chapter is "the appearance of’the Romance of Yexia’ and literary expression of Hedong scholars of Xue Daoheng", which mainly focuses on the prosperity of Ye capital on Northern Qi Dynasty and searches the facts why "the Romance of Ye Capital" formed. The chapter also makes an in-depth comparison between the regime Northern Qi and Northern Zhou. Focused on the famous writer----Xue Daoheng and Lu Sidao, the paper analyses the difference between them and points out the direction for the poetry of Sui Dynasty and others.The third chapter "The Culture Genre of Family Wang in Sui and Tang Dynasties" contains four sections. Compared to other three old families, Pel、Liu、Xue, it had dominant position in the culture but weaker in politic and economy. The scholar Wang Tong and his "the study of Hefen" was the harbinger of Tang culture. He also occupied a place within the orthodoxy sequence after middle Tang Dynasty. The members of family Wang had different choices between Confucianism and Taoism. Wang Tong talked about Confucius and Mencius, but his brother Wang Du walked into another sect—Taoism. Rejecting Confucianism ideologically and ritual law in behavior, Wang Ji did wildly to an extreme but was proficient in ritual law. Wang Du tried his best to describe the magic power of the old mirror in the book "Ancient Mirror". Wang Bo was a wit standing in the front of "Four-talented Poets in early Tang Dynasty", being suffered dispute at early Tang. The paper makes a moderate analysis about the reasons why they praised and despised each other and points out the reason why they was sorted like that. Lastly, the paper makes an analysis of the poetry style "extensive" existed in the work of Wang Bo.The forth chapter is "the Contradiction and Reconcile of Confucian and Hero—pertinent to the formation of literature tradition of Heshuo and its traits". Besides Confucianism and Taoism, the paper makes an assay of the martial and chivalrous spirit, and on this basis, compares their poetry acceptance of the north and south. Thus, the paper deeply analyses their literature difference of the north of Huanghe River and the southern bank of the Yangtze and pursues the formation of aesthetic tradition of the former. The poetry anthology of the "Collected Works of Heyue Heros" mainly chooses authors of the north, whose standards are located by vigor and images. Every work nearly chooses the vigor style, including Wang Wei. The most outstanding works are those which have bright, delicate and tranquil styles produced at Wangchuan Villa. The mixture of poetry and painting combines with Zen, with which digestion and Zen theory produced and then contributed to the unique character of the poem.The fifth chapter "Liu Zongyuan and the Family Liu of Hedong Region" is based on the study of the family Liu culture, Which has a special cultural place within three families. Family Pei has an advantage in politic but normal in literature, only Pei Du had a little influence in Middle Tang. Family Xue had Xue Daoheng at early Tang who was a brilliant represent but depressed in Middle and Late Tang. Family Liu escaped from homeland and went into central bureaucratization earlier, but the contradiction with Family Wu depressed them quickly. Liu Zongyuan was an excellent literati, who had a unique identity in the Ancient Literature Movement in mid-Tang which had his character compared another author Han Yu.The sixth chapter "the New Family Lv After Dali Period" contains three sections. Family Lv was late to thrive, famous in late Tang and Song. This branch also came from family Lv according to lv Wen’s account, and Lv Yanzhi、Lv Wei、Lv Wen、Lv Yan and other family Lv constituted a cultural chain which highlighted the characteristics of the literary family. Lv Wen was called "Liu Lv" with Liu Zongyuan. Lv Yan, who also named Dongbin, was a different scholar besides Confucian, who was recorded differently in the old scripture of Confucianism and Taoism. Obviously, he was more welcomed by Taoism cultural than Confucian.The conclusion contains three points. First, the paper points out that the scholar culture tradition surrounded by virtue and good manners has a strong tendency to utility. Second, which also shows the identity to "military" and "hero" besides Confucianism and Taoism; Third, in literature tradition, which pursues the vigor of Han-Wei and reflects the rustic, energetic literature characteristics of Heshuo.