| This paper attempts to make a point from the chronological view, investigate period of newliterature critical moment--the1916Chinese Literature, then review the acquisition and positiontaking process of the new literary power and its occupation strategy, explorate the occurrence ofnew literary in the view of the literary field.Most of research on the history of literature, tried to make a all-wave dicision from thepolitical, economical and cultural aspects,which agreed that literary revolution has its historicalbackground and takes advantage of the transformation of literary trend and ideological resourcessince the late Qing Dynasty to a considerable extent.Unfortunately, at the same time to regard aseries of the modern Chinese social and cultural practice as the context necessary and properpreparation of resources, the research on historical reduction about the literary revolution and theoccurrence of new literature is still very rare.The author thinks, the current study exists twoproblems.1, since the new literature has occurred, the study about its historical background andmotivation is general and vague.The background of the new literature seems to be self-evident.On the expaltion of the social and cultural factors covering the political, economical and culturalcauses, we find a complex history of new literature. But this is only to provide the possibility andthe social foundation of the occurrence of new literature, but does not mean inevitableconclusion. After all, the similar background also effects literary innovation in the late QingDynasty. As a result, the occurrence of new literature has its particularity of the one and only andcan not copy. In this way, Chinese literature in1916will be very important.2, the occurrence ofnew literature is often described as "a hundred responses to a single call" which includingexaggerated description of interested parties and researcher’s imagery. But this is not the truth.So, what is the real truth? This requires authentic and objective explanation on the basic of theoriginal document. It becomes necessary and urgent to do reaearch on the occurrence of the newliterature in the literature field including political environment, media, education developmentand so on.This paper has no intention to reconstruct another system without the help of previous studies. This paper just wants to show the occurrence of the new literature concretely on thebasic of historical documents and datas. It wants to correct the worship group memory "ahundred responses to a single call": the occurrence of new literature is not an irresistable trend,but after the hardship, adjustment and breakthrough.Specifically, how was the literary environment in the year1916is the primary problem tobe solved in this paper. By citing a large number of the original document, this article wants todo research on the1916literature communication space, the intelligents’ survival anddevelopment, the formation and autonomy of the reader community, marketing literature,whichreveal the formation of a new literary field’s. This is necessary to generate the context of newliterature. And in1916," the Youth magazine"stopped publication and then resemed,"the NewYouth" win the right to speak in literary field, and made the acquaintance of Chen Duxiu and CaiYuanpei and together, and so on, all provide a chance to start the literary revolution. Accidentalwith inevitable factors make the Chinese literary in1916very important.Reading newspaper carefully, finding details drowned in the history and correctingcommon mistakes from the original code are the foundation of the dissertation, which arealso the main method of the paper. On this basis, with the point of view of chronology aswell as literary theory we start from the problem to study the Chinese literature in1916,which is the core issue of this article. Specifically,the research of this paper will bring thefollowing breakthrough:1, I will restore the true situation of the occurrence of the new literature, based onthe original documents.On the data I collected, from1815to1916a total of2071domestic Chinese publicationscome out, the author based on this supplement, concentrating on reading the97publicationsbefore1916. In addition to some publications for special reasons can only browse contained inthe article directory access, I have read most of the publications, and make notes with the textand pictures. With literature and archaeology going deeply, the prejudice of the academicworld comes to the surface. Through statistical analysis of published literaturerecently,we find although in1916the literary environment was harsh, there were still alarge number of scholars sticking to literature. Or it can be said, the severe politicalenvironment led to the stagnation of literature transverse development and provided the perfect timing for the occurrence of new literature, namely finding vitality in the crisis. Inother words, literary revolution is not thought to be the general trend and come naturally.But after the hardship and adjustment, it eventually broke out of the encirclement. Thiscorrected worship of group memory of “a hundred responses to a single call” of NewCulture Movement in a certain extent.2, Show the background and process of new literature getting the power of discoursepower and then make the reinterpretation on the New Culture Movement.In1916,"the Youth magazine" republished in the name of "the New Youth"after stoppingpublication and reorganizing. The New Culture Movement is an position taking fight to seekmore cultural and social capital. The new literature occurrenced mustly as an result of a newliterary field. It marks the end of the old era of literature, new literature era began greatly."TheNew Youth" exactly accelerated the transition and transformation of the old era.Chinese literary circles in1916has been home to many despise small eventsrecorded in the history. These little events, seemingly details, it is the crux of a number ofmajor events that took place in late Qing dynasty, and is also a chance of later Chineseliterature rush. The relationship between them is easy to be neglected, but is precisely thekey research of this article. As a result, the narrative of each chapter, all begins with smallincidents.Specifically, this paper consists of seven parts, of which the main body part coversfive chapters.The introduction is divided into three parts, in turn, it introduces the significance oftopic selection, research status, concepts, and the research framework in this paper.Chapter1since February1916, when Zhang Tai-yan had been arrested byconfinement, it introduces the macroscopic background and microscopic historicalcontext of literature in China in1916. This is the exploring of the cause and reason whythe new literature happened in1916: political environment was dangerous, literary circleswas at stake, press numbers had plummeted and literary activities decreased obviously.Literature had to survive in the cracks. Longitudinal stagnation caused lateral extension ofliterature. New literary dissemination space construction was to complete. This partmainly discusses the construction of the literary propagation environment which in the corse of new literature field.Chapter2mainly taking readers as the research object, it discusses the grouppreparation of the new literature. From a beauty holding a book to be taken photos ofbecomes a fashion, from school education, it told us the formation of the community ofreaders. Literature was no longer a Privilege, aimed to common people, popular literaryera had arrived. In addition, through the "communication" columns and "readers’columns" of New Youth, as well as the debate between Republic Daily and the ChinaDaily about the novel "Nine Tail Tturtle", we can see the subjectivity of readers at thattime. Literary readership was growing, but it was important to note that a growing groupof readers mainly focused on popular literature. The new literature readership wasrelatively small. This chapter takes the internal public opinion of the new literature fieldas speech center.Chapter3the authors were taken as a view object. In order to cater to the market andexpand the sales work, writters did everything, such as vulgar, imitating way. This isnegative. The positive side is the successful shift to be a writer. In the consumption ofvulgar and autonomy, multiple situation space was created in literature: whether eliteliterature advocating personality independence or popular literature to cater to the marketmechanism. They made Literature become three-dimensional. This chapter mainlydiscusses the completion of literary writing and creation subject in new literature field.Chapter4discusses mainly about the rootless state of mind and the call for the orderand construction of literature circles in1916. Confusion, anxiety, and rumors filled thesociety.At the same time, the determination of the national anthem and the school’semphasis on new verse and rules, showed the desire for order. Taking the market into asymbol, literary order had been completed. Or, publications, readers and the authors orother field elements tended to be more perfect, leading to the formation of new literaryfield, which is the legitimacy basis of new literature. Through the marketization ofliterature, this chapter reveals the independent symbol of new "literature field".Chapter5discusses the reasonableness and legality of the new literature in the newliterary field. After more than half a century, it came to the year of1916when the crisisand life coexist. The journal "New Youth" in dilemma prompted the new literature. After closure, the rectification, Youth Magzine turned up in the name of "New Youth".Througha variety of ways, it succeeded ultimately in the struggle of placeholder in the literaturefield. The new literature broke cocoon into a butterfly in1916.The last part is a brief conclusion. Anyway, as far as new literature is concerned, theyear of1916is one of very important and key years. Through combing the five chaptersof the body part, it came to a conclusion: there was no such thing as a "trend"of Chineseliterature in1916.The steps of new literature were not so easy. Neither was itsdevelopment. But like newborn babies, they would spend tough time before they couldhave their own resistance, free development, and the ability and space to thrive. |
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