The Study Of Mou Zongsan’s Philosophy Of History

Mou Zongsan is described as "a contemporary Neo-Confucianism in one of his generation’s most original and influential philosophers". Mou Zongsan go through "blending Chinese and Western, and Buddhism into Confucianism, return Confucianism". Philosophy was asked about life, life is one of the real presence, history is a practice of human life, so philosophy of history is on inquiry into the practice of life. Mou Zongsan make cultural life understand history, dredge the main artery of Chinese cultural life,stands the subjectivity of Confucianism, examines the historical development of affair and reasonable, make a philosophical thought for Chinese history.On the ontology of history, he said that ideology is national "culture", history across two lines:one is bright line:Chinese history dynasty change, the course of history, history event; the other is dark lines:It is the spirit of the Chinese nation history. History spirit is the concept of individual life, nation life and history life.The Chinese nation have original spirit, cultural life is the people’blood. An important reason of the Chinese nation continue is we have our own cultural DNA. The spirit of Confucius’s entire body benevolence, Mencius’s moral subject and Xun Zi’Intellectual subject are the righteous cause of Chinese cultural life. Mou ZongSan comes down to the comprehensive to make reasonable spirit and the comprehensive to make gas spirit. Chinese history is the concise of the comprehensive to make reasonable spirit, soaring of the comprehensive to make gas spirit, is the flow of cultural life. The comprehensive to make reasonable spirit is "fine", the comprehensive to make gas spirit is "temperament", cultural life is "God". The decomposition reasonable spirit is the fundamental spirit of western history and culture." The decomposition reasonable spirit is a specific concept. The comprehensive to make reasonable spirit is the source of mind, that is, existing and activity, with creation, so can be endless. Mou Zongsan "strip the silkworms spinning" outlining the basic spirit of history." the comprehensive to make reasonable spirit " wring transcendent ideals," the comprehensive to make gas spirit " wring vigorous life," the decomposition reasonable spirit " wring science and democracy. These three spirits to inject vitality into human history.On the historical process, Mou think the core of China’s history and culture is based on a decision by the Confucian mainstream culture direction and cultural patterns. Although there is no dominance of Confucian thought of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi, but they highlights the entire bodies of light. Chu-Han era of talent, show the comprehensive to make gas spirit. Western Han is rational beyond period.Eastern Han dynasty is a rational period of introversion. History is the tortuous continuation of the culture of life.On the historical dynamics and subject, Mou ZongSan think that "moral heart" is the engine of development. He great importance to the role of the political and legal changes of history. He believes that the political and legal decision economic form. Mou Zongsan advocated "moral and progressive heart→politics→economy" historical patterns. About the historical development of subject and creator, on the one hand, he think that the people are the subject of history, at the same time, also pointed out the politicians and the great figures of the creators of history.On the social formation of Chinese history, Mou Zongsan according to political and legal mode divide into social organization model, ancient communist society, feudalism society, commercial capitalism society and state socialism society. He divided into aristocracy, monarchy and political democracy. Historical development is the process of democracy continues to progress.On the laws of history, Mou think that the rise and fall, often have their own potential. Historical development have certain rules, Firstly, from performance point of view, China history can be described as a cycle of treatment history. Secondly, from manifestations, history development is cultural life twisting and turning continuity. Mou Zongsan selected "cultural life" as a historical research of the factor, thereby allowing history to vigorous again, Chinese history and culture is "with reason temperament", follow the "rivers flow" law, while winding, but rushing, not annihilated. Western history and culture followed "parabola" law, no gas, substances also extinguished.Thirdly, from the development point of view, historical development has suffered a setback, however, there is always a positive spirit-led, so can "hold days hub from weak to prosperous"(Wang chuanshan). Human life for the righteous cause of the Chinese nation to dredge the channel, nation are mobile cultures of blood, cultures are genes of nation, cultural life is a perennial source of the Chinese nation.Governance of China’s historical performance:governance of the moralization of Confucianism and Taoism governance and Legalists substance governance. Constitutional system is based on legal and political objective way. Mou zongsan believes that Chinese history have governance without system, with power without system. He advocated through establish system to solve the crux of the history which Wang Chuanshan said Chinese political dynasty turnover, succession to the throne, the relationship between the emperor and his prime minister. Why China history does not appear new external king, Mou believe that the main reason is that intelligence is in benevolence, no the concept of mind, moral subject is not open to the concept of intellectual body. Beyond the emperor was an unrestricted,"rule of law" and "hierarchy" stifle democracy, the role of intellectuals in the fight for democracy is not obvious. Therefore, do not appear in modern China science and democracy. Mou Zongsan believe that" self-negation " is the cardinal of the "internal saints " outside " new external king.Self-negation are:"moral subject" self-negation "intellectual","no " self-negation "have","attach "self-negation "columns"," rational use" self-negation "structure of reason","ration" self-negation "extension".Science and democracy are inevitable result of self-negation". Mou ZongSan believes that "three unification and building" is a mission and an inevitable trend of historical development. Certainly religious values of Confucianism, retaining hole opened by the origin of the universe of Confucius and Mencius, opened a scholarship system, out of "intellectual" to accommodate Greece culture, continued political system, toward democracy will become a historical necessity.Understanding of history, Mou Zongsan advocates matter into the heart, with heart turning and dialectical intuitive understanding of history."Heart" is the understanding of the tools, divide into "conscience" and "understanding heart","conscience" is the subjective heart,"understanding heart" is the objective of heart. From the depth of historical cognition, Mou think through "physical","explain things". On cognitive ability, Mou believe "intellectual intuition" is the source of the original mind, transcendent, therefore, one are limited but can be unlimited.On the historical evaluation, Mou zongsan think that historical evaluation divided into moral judgment and history judgment. Former is by "reason" to determine the historical right or wrong, that is, should be consistent with the historical development of "good ", follow the "moralism" principle; the other is based on "true" to judge the history, historical developments should be in line with "real", follow the "historicism" principle. The historical evaluation should be both of moral judgment and historical judgment.On the historical ideals, Mou zongsan think "the unlimited intellectual heart" of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism laid the foundation for the unity of virtue and happiness.He concern for the moral life, thoughts on national life, to Datong social aspirations, to explain to people’s realistic solicitude and the ultimate concern.Mou Zongsan is a generalization of modern Neo-Confucianism.He was first people who written philosophy of history book in modern Neo-Confucian. Contribution of Mou zongsan’s philosophy of history:one is from a metaphysical perspective he outlined the fundamental spirit of Chinese history, two is that cultural life is history beating pulse, only human history have vitality. Three is made only of Confucianism of the genesis for the "temperament" found sources, thereby allowing history to "live" again. Four were made " self-negation ", opening up a new study of new external king. Limitations of Mou zongsan’s philosophy of history:on historical ontology, Mou believe that "spirit" is the highest in the history ontology,"moral heart" decide the historical development power, it exaggerating the "spirit". On the historical dynamics, toes that political format determines the economic patterns, confusion of direct power to promote the history and underlying power.On the historical development, mechanical vision of materialist dialectics. On the historical understanding, confuse "fact-value" and "phenomenon-its" relationship between. On the formation of new kingliness way," self-negation " does not solve the new external king problems.Mou zongsan is a modern new Confucianism "carrying on" characters. He finished on the philosophy of history from the three levels of modern construction. The first level is spiritual metaphysical dimension of the concept, the second level from the cultural and practical dimensions of life, and the third level is drive the rule level. In western learning and culture of the Chinese nation face challenges in critical times. Mou’s " Self-negation " and "three unified building"in order to find the way of Chinese history and culture interrogation pulse. He adhere to the " ancestor" can’t leave,"comprehensive" can’t wait,"ideal" does not worry, clear the arteries of the culture of the Chinese nation. Stands of Confucian subjectivity, flexible life disturbed by outward projections that broke through the line with one color of chaos, seen in the lonely "single", opening up a new era of research on Chinese philosophy of history."culture of life" to cut the pulse of the history of the Chinese nation, to help people to find the rhythm of the history of the Chinese nation, the origin of life, which will play a positive role in guiding the historical development and national identity.