China Full The Tunguska Languages All National Story Of Paying The Animal Study

With written stories of animals’ gratitude from five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch in the northeastern region in China as research object, and through thorough analysis of the very stories, this paper aims to generalize the inherent characteristics of the stories and reveal historical values, aesthetic implications and ecological philosophies of human-being-nature harmonious coexistence implied in the stories.The paper sets introduction first, and the text is divided into four chapters.The introduction gives the explanation for significance of the topic, and puts forward the author’s academic pursuit in the field of Comparative Literature of ethnic minorities, that is, to provide vivid and convincing cases for the Chinese cultural "Diversity and Unity" via examination of local knowledge in the stories of animals’gratitude. In research summary, up-to-date related study of Chinese and foreign scholar is reviewed, and the problem rose, which helps to position the author’s research in the academic history. And in this part, necessary definition and explanation of conceptual terms such as thematology and typology are given, and the same goes to the amount and source of data collected and used by the author. This way, the data related to the author’s problem-awareness and perspective-refining is shown clearly.The first chapter introduces the cultural habitats in which stories of animals’ gratitude from five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch are spread, listing ethnic origin, ways to make a living such as hunting&fishing, regional culture of mountains&forests and oral tradition of five nationalities as Manchu, Hezhe, Ewenki, Oroqen and Xibe, which provides the knowledge background and context of ages for the research of stories of animals’ gratitude.The second chapter makes in typology a research of stories of animals’ gratitude from five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch classifying the stories into basic type and magical animals’gratitude type, for which real cultural causes such as physiological properties of animals, ways of hunting&fishing to make a living, influence from alien cultures and religion faith and so on are analyzed.In the third chapter, the constructing process of stories of animals’gratitude from five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch under the background of cultural exchanges is discussed. In the history of cultural exchanges, five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch are greatly influenced by the surrounding Han and Mongolian with large population, and quite powerful Buddhism culture. From traces of ethnic cultural exchange in the stories such as immortality ideas of Han, gratitude motif of Mongolia epic and gratitude thought of Buddhism, the formation process of the stories in which five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch selectively learned and absorbed other cultures is analyzed, ethnic characteristics of integration and symbiosis of stories of animals’ gratitude from five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch are summarized. In Chapter four, cultural meaning and significance of stories of animals’ gratitude from the five nationalities of Manchu-Tungus language branch are put forward, and types and content of the stories are summarized. Through the analysis of the concepts as animism and zoolatry implied in the stories, and plot-settings of gratitude with meat and marriage of the stories, that Shamanism, the common beliefs of the five nationalities, is the core cultural factor of the birth of these stories of animals’ gratitude is indicated. It must be emphasized that the stories of animals’ gratitude, as a history memory of hunting&fishing lifestyle, still have practical significance of telling and inheriting, because their inherent ecological ethical concepts has a positive meaning for a scientific understanding between human and nature for the time being, and the existence, telling and inheriting of the stories is a useful intellectual support for the cultural construction of a harmonious society.