A Study On International Campaign For Tibet’s Activities Of Independence Related To Tibet,1988-2010

During the post-Cold War era, non-state actor has a meteoric rise and has been a crucial promoter and participant in the policy-making process of many important issue in the international community. Tibet Support Groups(TSGs), as non-state actor, has played more and more striking role in the process of internationalization of Tibet issue. International Campaign for Tibet(ICT), which was founded in Washington in March 1988, is a typical organization among TSGs. Based on ICT Annual Report, ICT Financial Statements, Congressional Record and Congressional Hearing Record, and on the historical analysis of the foundation of ICT and its activities related to Tibet from 1988 to 2010, this dissertation has made an effort to analyze the close relationship with Central Tibet Administration and reveal the essence of containing and splitting China and promoting internationalization of Tibet issue.In the introduction section, firstly, the significance of the topic has been expounded in the point of view of academic value and reality considerations. Secondly, the basic concept such as "Internationalization of Tibet Issue" has been cleared.Thirdly, a survey of studies of TSGs，specially ICT has been performed. Lastly, research ideas and methods, as well as innovation and disadvantages are also discussed.Chapter Ⅰ examines the historical locus of Dalai clique’s lobby in the international community from 1959 to 1979. During late 1950s and mid-1960s, Dalai Lama and key members of Central Tibet Administration actively participated the activity of promoting the passing the resolution related to Tibet. Since mid-1960s, Dalai Clique has established overseas offices in many American and European countries which were responsible for contact propaganda and pushing Dalai Lama to pay a visit to other countries. Beginning in the early 1970s, Dalai Clique gave impetus to the trend of internationalization of Tibet issue by setting up organizations, such as Tibet Youth Committee, United States Tibet Committee, In this process, Dalai Clique constantly regulated its way of international lobby according to the diversification of international situation.In Chapter Ⅱ,this dissertation examines the background of foundation of ICT and its institution,mechanism and operation. Because the negotiation between China Central Government and Dalai Lama’s representative has got caught into stagnation, Dalai Clique put pressure on Chinese Government by founding TSGs to lobby members of legislative body for internationalization of Tibet issue. For the reason that, the appearance of ICT was not isolated and accidental historical phenomenon but inevitable outcome in specific historical period. Through the analysis of ICT Annual Report and ICT Financial Statement, the overview of ICT bas been carried out, including the membership, institution,source of funding and allocation of funding. This chapter uncovers ICT’s nature of Tibetan separatist.Chapter Ⅲ focuses on ICT’s activities related to Tibet from 1988 to 1999, which were mainly concentrate on lobby in the US Congress and conference UN -sponsored. Firstly, sponsored members of Congress to visit India and Nepal to investigate the current status of the Tibetan refugee population. And then ICT pushed Congress forward passing bills related to Tibetans in exile. Secondly, during this period, International Conference of TSGs.which were held in Dharamshala,8-9 March 1990 and in Bonn,14-17 June 1996, have profound influence on ICT’s activities related to Tibet. ICT enforced two Plans of Action passed by the Conferences to launch campaigns related to Tibet, including instigating "International Year of Tibet" and setting up Student for Free Tibet, etc. For the purpose of obstructing Chinese economic development and defaming Chinese policy toward Tibet, ICT undertook anti-China activities in the area of economy, human rights and religion. With the boom of the membership, ICT has set up branches in Europe. All in all, ICT has transformed into an international TSG.Chapter Ⅳ concentrates on the new dynamic of ICT’s activities related to Tibet from 2000 to 2002. ICT followed Dalai Lama’s propaganda strategy and implemented Plan of Action passed by 3rd International Conference of Tibet Support Groups after Dalai Lama reintroduced "Middle Way" in 2000.During this period, ICT’s activities have focused on Chinese economy and conditions of human rights.Chapter Ⅴ investigates ICT’s activities from 2002 to 2010 when dialogue between Chinese Government and Dalai Lama’s representatives has taken place. During this period, ICT has launched campaigns concerning religion, human rights, Olympic Games and so on in order to install obstacles for negotiation.The conclusion part is a brief summary over the ICT’s distinguishing feature of activities and quality of Tibetan separatist based on ICT’s relationship with Central Tibet Administration and its sources of funds. This section also gives us prediction over the ICT’s trend of future. At last the counter measure against TSGs are also discussed.