Research On Comparable Constructions Between Different Levels Without Obvious Reference In Modern Chinese

This essay put forward "comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference in Modern Chinese" which is marked with "zui", "bijiao", "geng", "Adj.+difference", "Adj.+yidianr(which is used to show requirement)", "yuelaiyue", "yue...yue...", e.g. "He is the tallest." "This book is more expensive.’ Function, meaning, semantic and pragmatic characters, cognitive factors, and problems related to focus, negating, subjectivity, and "le" are researched, including ten chapters with more than 160,000 characters in total.In chapter one, the introduction consists of objects, purpose, sense of the research, and source of the corpus on which this research based.In chapter two, formal studies and theoretical base related to this research are summarized and teased out. Formal studies comprise studies on comparable category and constructions between different levels, and markers. Theoretical base includes categorization, cognitive grammar, construction grammar, conversational implicature and related pragmatic principles, relevance theory and so on.In chapter three, construction meaning of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference is put forward on analysis of real corpus. The motivation and semantic classification are researched as well. And four semantic classes are put forward.In chapter four, function of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference and the language materials which can be allowed to enter the constructions are the objects investigated.In chapter five, we look at the cognitive mechanism and pragmatic motivations related to the formation and use of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference. And the result shows that similar principle, adjacency principle, prominence principle and the method of formation of construction meaning are cognitive base of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference; and pragmatic motivations of the constructions are relevance principle, information principal, politeness principal, easy decoding principle and so on.In chapter six, research is focused on the problem of focus. One important part of function of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference is focusing. Classification of focus in the sentence which this kind of construction is in, the scope of the focus sensitive operator and preinstall are inspected and analyzed. And character of focus of the system of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference is looked at in this chapter as well.In chapter seven, problems of negating related to comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference are inspected. Negative problem is an important field in linguistics. The research starts with the problems in reality. And we inspect the situation and limitation when comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference ands "bu" / "mei", which are negative markers, appear at the same time.Chapter eight is about subjectivity and subjectivisation of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference. The subjectivity of these constructions involves perspective, affect, and epistemic modality of the speaker. The subjectivisation course of comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference marked with "zui" and "bijiao", which are of the highest level among these constructions, is analyzed in this chapter as well. The speaker omits the reference when saying comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference to prominence the comparable result, which is the great quantity.Chapter nine involves "le". In this chapter, the situation and change when comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference and "le" appear at the same time are looked at and analyzed. We can see their appearing at the same time makes expressions diachronic or bounded, or gives mood to the expressions. As to the former two change, "le" marks "finish", giving motivation to the change. And comparable constructions between different levels without obvious reference make reference unseen in the sentence, giving possibility.In chapter ten, summary is done. Some ideas and the direction of following research are mentioned as well.