The British Foreign Policy On Middle East Oil Research(1945-1967)

Middle East has always been a focus of the international community, not only forthe reason that Middle East has a long history, more importantly for that Middle Easthas become the international oil production and supply center from the end of the firstworld war. while Britain is the earliest development of monopoly and the Middle Eastcountries, the UK as one of the most influential countries in the modern history of theworld, she was in the Middle East to establish relevant oil hegemony and she’sinternational influence, from the19th century40s, Britain for the first time after theindustrial revolution, the British hegemony gradually reached its peak, although hasexperienced the test of the first world war, Britain still maintained her worlddominance, so take advantage of this political, began in the Middle East oil resourcesdevelopment, from the first world war to during the second world war, the period wasreplaced by the internal combustion engine of the steam engine, the coal energy into aperiod of oil resources, therefore Britain gradually after the first world war in the useof political advantage gradually a monopoly on Middle East oil resources, thoughthere is competition in the United States and France, but did not shake the absolutedominant position, in the1930s, the British oil advantage reached its peak in theMiddle East, and then, with the outbreak of world war ii, Britain’s national strength bythe devastation of war, the decline of British with power and gradually lost theirdominant position,However have competition in the United States and France, but didnot shake the absolute dominant position, in the1930s, the British oil advantagereached its peak in the Middle East, and then, with the outbreak of world war ii,Britain’s national strength by the devastation of war, the decline of British with powerand gradually lost their dominant position, after the end of the second world war,Britain in the dominant position of ceased to exist in the Middle East, the British oilhegemony also gradually disappear, from the end of the second world war to the endof the third Middle East war, spanning20years, the British oil policy by the originalmonopoly by British and American condominium, this article is divided into fourchapters altogether, chapter one as the background of the thesis, mainly introducedfrom the eve of world war I to the end of the second world war, Britain was in theMiddle East oil development condition, before the British use four major oilcompanies to develop the Middle East, the British in the war with military superioritymonopoly of the Ottoman empire, oil resources, but this did not last too long, through a series of diplomatic activities, Britain and the United States and France temporarilyreached a compromise, but in the20s, driven by the interests of the oil, Britain andthe United States in the Middle East for again, in order to avoid lose-lose, British andAmerican oil companies signed red line agreement and held archie cary castles andother international meetings, coordinate contradictions,In the30s, as a result of thePersian gulf oil have been found that the use of political advantage and jointdevelopment of the petroleum resources here in the United States, the second worldwar, Britain and the United States formed an alliance, the British to coordinate therelationship between the main oil-producing Iran, and through the personnel systemstability of the bilateral relations, to ensure the smooth the Suez Canal for oiltransportation and the second chapter mainly discusses the three times Middle Eastwar, the influence of Middle East oil policy in Britain, three times Middle East warrevealed the change of British policy in the Middle East and the Middle East countries,Britain in the Middle East oil strategy is mainly composed of two parts, one is aproducer, like Iraq and Iran, another is a oil channel in the Middle East countries, suchas Egypt and the gulf states, the gulf states are both major oil-producing countries isalso the important gulf oil channel, the influence of these two kinds of countries forthree times Middle East war and the relationship between the different change, for thefirst time Britain without supporting Israel and the United States, the Middle East warbecause against countries such as Egypt and Israel has close relation with the Iraqigovernment and the UK, British petroleum in order to maintain her interests do notwant to offend these countries, therefore Britain does not support the opinion, it is foroil interests,The Suez Canal war broke out, after controlled by nasser of Egypt, andadopted a policy of the Arab nationalism, recover the Suez Canal, the Suez Canalstuck the throat of the British oil, therefore Britain changed to support policy of Egypt,and the use of Israel against radical Arab countries such as Egypt, the war is also aline, for arabs from support to opposition, and continued into the third Middle Eastwar, is also the transformation of Britain’s attitude to the arabs, caused the anglophileconservative national dissatisfaction with Britain and the United States, in the thirdMiddle East war, began to use oil as a weapon, against the British support the policyof the jews, the third chapter discusses the relations between Britain and the mainoil-producing countries, Britain has been always the main oil investor to Iran, and is amonopoly, but after the war, under the threat of the Soviet union and Iran the rise ofnationalism in the can’t alone to deal with Iran’s situation, the UK by the Britishmonopoly into British and American public tube, Iraqi oil is another major British investor, but with the rise of nationalism, the Iraqi regime has also been overturned inthe UK, the new republic reclaimed oil interests, the Middle East oil strategy wasbadly cut Relationship, British petroleum in order to maintain her interests do notwant to offend these countries, therefore Britain does not support the United States, itis for oil interests,For the gulf states, the influence is more effective, the emirate in theoil, Treasury, justice, etc, are hampered by Britain, but Britain in the70s, also pulledout of the gulf states army, the fourth chapter is the analysis of the third Middle Eastwar in1967, the trend of oil in the Middle East, the americas because cheap oilcompetition loses surplus capacity in the Middle East, American and Britishpetroleum supply more dependent on the Middle East, the Middle East countries torecover oil concession rights would also increasingly intense, the Arab oil producersunite maintenance oil revenues, this kind of behavior is a direct result, the rise in oilprices, in order to reduce costs, Britain has introduced a new energy policy in the70s,the development of nuclear power, but due to reasons such as technology, nuclearenergy and other new technology commercialization conditions are not matureenough, and still is given priority to with the traditional energy consumption.