Study On The Han Academic Of Daoguang Age

Connecting the periods of Qianlong-Jiaqing and Xianfeng-Tongzhi in Qing dynasty, Daoguang Age was such a period that everything would change and had not changed yet. It was the transitional period in Chinese history that Chinese society transformed into the modern times from ancient time. In such a special historical period, in what status the intellectual circles was becomes the original intention of the research done by the author of the dissertation. In this dissertation, the Han academic groups are chosen as the research object. The research purpose is to step into the intellectual circle of Daoguang Age and to learn about it with the research.The Han learning, was once the academic mainstream in Qianlong and Jiaqing periods, but it was suffering fierce criticism in Daoguang Age. The Han academic, however, remained developing in accordance with its internal logic, with the rise of the West-Han academic, the debate on the Confucian classics, the shaking of the authorities, the diversification of the academics, and the re-explanation of the Confucian classics, the Han academic continues to maintain its prosperity, and influence on larger and larger areas. Simultaneously affected by the modern times, the Han academic group reformed itself and the academicians declared their own opinions and ideas on politics, philosophy and rhetoric, presenting a new academic trend and style in sinology.This dissertation consists of three parts. They are the introduction, the text or the main body and the conclusion. In the first part of introduction, the author analyzes the meaning of Han academic, defines its limited margin, illustrates the contents of the dissertation, and clarifies the research purpose. The second part is composed of five chapters. The first chapter mainly discusses the writing backgrounds, contents and characteristics of such books as Ru lin zhuan (The Biography of the Scholars), Han Xue Shi Cheng Ji (The Inheritance of Han Academic in Qing Dynasty) and Huang Qing Jing Jie (The Explanations of Confucian Classic in the Great Qing Dynasty) aiming to present the advantaged academic status of Han learning in the intellectual circle and its academic views and its intention to replace the orthodox academic position of Song learning, which really reflects the distinct characteristics of the times. The second chapter mainly illustrates the neo-Confucian on how to realize and criticize the Han academic in the heated debate between the Han academic and the Song academic. By doing research on such books as Han Xue Shang Dui (The Discussion on Han lerning, Guo Chao Xue An Xiao zhi (The Outline of Academic in Qing Dynasty)and the neo-Confucian scholars from the school of Tongcheng, it could be found that they criticized fiercely the Han academic and appreciated the achievements of Han academic at the same time, they claimed to merge Han learning into the stream of Orthodox of Song academic, and to make the Saint Academic prosperous jointly. The third and the fourth chapters continue to investigate the Han academic and reveal that Han academic suffering fierce criticism still developed in accordance with its internal logic, meanwhile with the rise of the West-Han academic, the debate on the Confucian classics, the shaking of the authorities, the diversification of the academic, the re-explanation of the Confucian classics, the Han academic continues to maintain its prosperity. The fifth chapter points out that faced with social contradictions after the boom of society, the Han academic continues to expand its influence on the relative new fields of politics, philosophy and rhetoric, to claim its argumentations. It presents the advanced academic status of Han learning and its self-renewal as well. It also demonstrates a new trend and style which emphasizes the application of the Confucian classic to social practice. The last part of the conclusion, based on the views of scholars who had experienced this Age, summarizes the various performances of the Han academic in Daoguang Age. It can be certain that the Han academic remains prosperous in this modern age, and the prejudice must be denied that Han learning should be responsible for the social turmoil.In this dissertation, the author clarifies the situation of the Han academic in Daoguang Age which helps to have some knowledge of the intellectuals in Daoguang Age and also helps to search out a natural breakthrough point to understand the transformation from traditional academic into modern academic.