From Group Breakout To Individual Salvation

As the main object of this paper, Sun Li’s fiction works including anti-Japanese war novels, land reform novels and "Yunzhai stories", Which correspond with the War of Resistance Against Japan, the agrarian revolution, the Cultural Revolution and other historical events, so the use of "Heterotopias" will be the research perspective of the paper. Sun Li is an exquisite novelist pay a lot attention on literary form, and adhere to the perfect combination of political nature and artistic nature of novels. This paper takes the theme of Sun Li’s fiction as the main object, choose the narrative method as a starting point, intended to find out the rules between narrative transmutation and gradual change of Sun Li’s novels themed with major political events.The paper consists of introduction and four chapters. The introduction willelaborated on the significance of Sun Li in the history of Chinese Contemporary Literature and the research history on Sun’s novel, the current situation and existing problems of the research, as well as the objectives to be achieved and methods used in this paper. Since the long period of creating of anti-Japanese war novels, as well as the complicate political situation, the paper will spend two chapters on this part; and the novels related to land reform and the Cultural Revolution will be discussed individually with one chapter.Chapter One: Anti-Japanese war novels: Group Breakout during War, constituted by four sections: Section one, to break from the siege: the theme of Sun Li’s novels during the war; Section two, besieged space images in Sun Li’s anti-war novels; Section three, group gathering and breakout: "simulative family structure" in Sun Li’s anti-war novels; Section four, women characters’ "triple" breakout in Sun Li’s anti-war Novels.Chapter Two: Beginning Of The Changeable: the war narrative of memory space, consists of three sections, namely: Section one, emotional memory in Beginning Of The Changeable; Section two, realpolitik in Beginning Of The Changeable; Section three, characters’ defamiliarization in Beginning Of The Changeable:.Chapter Three: Narrative Conversion under daily Space, consists of four sections: Section one, "objective images" in Sun Li’s land reform novels; Section two, "meetings and parting Structure" in Sun Li’s land reform novels; Section three, Tiemu Former Biography: splintering of the simulative family structure; Section four, difficult return of female: From Shuangmei to Xiaomaner.Chapter Four: Yunzhai Stories: Individual Crisis and Redemption in the Space of political movements, consists of four sections: Section one, Heterotopias and individual crisis in political movements; Section two, Death Narrative in Yunzhai Stories; Section three, fragmented structure in Yunzhai Stories and; Section four, moral criticism and self-redemption in Yunzhai Stories.Sun Li’s important contribution lies in his narrative transmutation with the gradual evolution of the theme, in different political environment, constantly look for a more suitable way of expression and rhetorical devices, record the traces of changing of the era in an artistic way. During thewar of resistance, theme of Sun Li’s novels is "groups breakout", and the narrative mode is "simulative family structure"; in the period of land reform, Sun Li ’s novels describe the process of "groups" divide into "class", the narrative mode change to "meetings and parting Structure”, in Tiemu Former Biography, the simulative family structure is disassembled, the group get dispersed; as to Yunzhai Stories, since the cultural Revolution shattered the traditional culture, everything based on traditional culture are broken: family, school, institution...... Sun Li’s narrative mode thus becomes a "fragmented structure", and because of its fragmentation, during the building of discourse structure, he had to use the "mortise" to permeate his sense of crushing and intention of longing old culture reconcile with new culture."Simulative family structure" laid the basic narrative style of Sun Li’s novel during thewar of resistance.His works are taking adjustments and changes on this base afterwards. In the land reform period, Sun Li continues this “simulative family structure" consciously in his novels, but the social climate changes bringa variation on the theme of novels,the previous narrative mode gradually disintegrated. Yunzhai Stories, which created at Sun Li’s later years, the word level has changed dramatically, but still with the narrative modeof "simulative family structure", showing a "broken" structural features of home. "Simulative family structure" is the portrayal of reality in the period of the war of resistance, it is also Sun Li’s social ideals and spiritual sustenance. However, Sun Li did not realize the other side of "simulative family structure" at the time–refection of the unrest political situation. "Simulative family structure"is a sign of the dying of old feudal family structure, as well as the victory of new culture. It is anattempt of new ethic and new order. However, the feudal family structure takes kinship as foundation, "simulative family structure" is the expediency of politicization, it is question that how to replace the feudal family system? After the demise of the feudal family, what kind of ethical order should we follow? It is an important task for new culture construction of China, as well as for the Chinese revolution. After the war of resistance, the Chinese community has been in turmoil, until the end of the Cultural Revolution.Yunzhai Storieshas an obvious trend of returning. In terms of the overall layout, or in the level of words-organizing, as well as ethics penetration in articles, Sun Li showed a desire to return to the Chinese traditional culture. It is a summarizing of his life experiences and ideas, and his thought on Chinese revolution. Stories in Yunzhai Stories spanned nearly a century, Sun Li used a method of "clip" to implant the narrative fragments from different historical period into text, to enrich the short text with story last nearly a century, leaving the reader a sense of steep ups and downs. Repeated narrative mechanism strengthen the correspondence between the text and the space-time, and for every reading, the reader is like riding a "time machine" travel among the war of resistance- the agrarian revolution- the Cultural Revolution – the reform and opening up, go back and forth stop by stop.The tearing feeling is like cutting into the bones, and the passage of time and thoughtsmake readers have a sense of emptiness, but the details of reality occasionally pull you back. The individual soul seemed to drift, to fall, but looking for in sorrow at the same time. The losing of family is shown slowly: family–simulative family–broken family- disappeared family, and the road of returning opened up. What is the logical mechanism inside? Those individuals who had to go to war field with brave heart, fromfamily tosmall group, from community to collective, from individual to object, they ultimately become ghosts. The ghosts were eager to "go home"-back to the "abandoned and traditional" home.But this home is no longer the old one, but a new one after a thorough cleaning, the women won their emancipation, their social status has been greatly improved, gender equalityachieved, and no one can ask a woman for bound feet. In such a case, the returning to the traditional family is not backwards but a successful grafting between the old and new cultures.Sun Li’s novels are works of literature and philosophy as well; it is a historical record of the spirit of the Chinese nation since the war of resistance. Its artistic value, ethical value and ideological value are inestimable.