On The Rational Logic Of China’s Reform Practice

Since actively promoting to reform in the new historical era, China has gained remarkably great achievements in its economic and social development. The reason for this remains open, and scholars provide a various variety of answers economically, sociologically, historically and politically. However, a satisfactory explanation still remains to be given philosophically.If wehave gone through a Chinese way in the past 30 years changing boththe Chinese Nation’s destiny and the world’s pattern, therefore, the logical track behind this way needs necessarily illustrating.The "China’s Road" featuring reform spirits is a Socialist path with Chinese characteristics. On the one hand, China’s reform practice "does not follow the closed and rigid routine", instead, it summarizes the experience of socialist system establishment and practice exploration since China’s founding, and gradually outstretches the traditional Stalin mode of former Soviet Union, developing from mandatory economic, via "planned mainly, market supplementing", "planed commodity economy", establishing "socialist market economic system", "makes market play the basic role in resources configuration under the national macro-control", to the present "makes market play the decisive role in resources configuration" and "play Government role" (mainly the scientific macro-control and effective government governance); on the other hand, China’s reform practice "does not go astray of changing the banner", in the process of referring to useful foreign experience, it avoids "Hayek-Sachs Shock Therapy" of former Soviet Union and Eastern Europe, strictly resists so-called "standard capitalism", and "market fundamentalism", and "overall Westernized", instead, insists and perfect the socialist economic system, combining top design and groping across the river. Meanwhile, in China’s reform practice, tendencies of weakening even ignoring the freedom of individual will and selection in planned economy times get corrected, and the lost subject identity and reality gradually gets recovery and development, command economic and central concentrated decision, and subordinate obeying superior, and administrative economic of the whole party obeying the Central have been replaced with socialist market economy providing for personality freedom, self fulfillment, and full development. Adhering to people-oriented idea, respecting the mainstay status of the people, developing the masses’ initiative, rely firmly on the people pushing forward the reform have inspired grass-roots (individuals and businesses) the enthusiasm and the gradual reform has progressed steadily.The history of China’s reform practice contains a clear rational and logical process, and that is the realizing the transition from the absolute idealism to Marx’s practical rationalities. This prototype of logic transformation lies in the changing process from rationally absolute Hegel’s Philosophy to Marx’s Philosophy, reflecting the overall trend of modern world’s philosophy and social ideology.Absolute idealism has a profound origin in the history of Western philosophy, from ancient Greece philosophy to Germany classical philosophy, human rational development leads to a supreme, omnipotent altar. French enlightening philosophy entitled rationality an absolute quality to comprehensive grasp the world and change the society and the spirit, and supreme authority of rationality gains ideological expression socially, politically, and culturally. Regardless of Napoleon’s rejection towards the "ideology" of reshaping the society and human spiritual world through notion scientification, ideology did become a notable symbol of rational apotheosis during the Enlightenment.In Hegel’s philosophy, rationality in terms of speculative metaphysics of identical entity and subject goes to the extreme philosophically. Absolute notion, as the logical existence of being in itself and for itself, becomes God-like "the creator of real things" in the logical process of self regulation and development.Hegel’s philosophy, surpassing and controlling everything in this metaphysical spirit, combined with the French enlightening philosophy believing in the universal science and the "ideological" impulse rebuilding the humanities as well as the spiritual world by means of natural sciences, generates an "absolute idealism" notion."Absolute idealism" is an absolute conviction that rationality and its dissimilation-metaphysics (such as Hegel’s absolute notion)-can fully and unlimitedly know and grasp the world, which insists on the infinity of rational cognitive ability, firmly believes that human rationality can not only fully understand and master the laws of nature, but also comprehensively cognize social and historical laws. Once the ultimate metaphysical knowledge is mastered, the natural and socio-economic structure will be able to be reconstructed according to this schema of truth.Absolute idealism, in the 20th century social history, finds expression in both the unlimited scientific belief in rational capacity and the dogmatist political philosophy rooted in theoretical knowledge in terms of extreme; both the metaphysical identifying with the priority of overall value and the absolute collectivistic values, and the planned-economy persuasion of publicizing state and government controlled economy and cancelling individual economic subjects.In the ideological arena of economics, absolute idealism has performed acts of unruly plays. For instance, the representative scientific rationalism should have played its role in nature, but with the spread of scientism, it arrogated into the realm of human social and economic development, disguised in the gorgeous "scientific" appearance as mathematics and models that divorces human cognition towards history, social and economic development from reality and human identity. Reflected in Hegel’s philosophical visual threshold, absolute idealism embodies a "holistic" approach; the supremacy of state, collectivity and organization ignores individual reality, history and initiative. Such dull holistic method, due to dogmatic thinking, was imposed on Marxist philosophy and became the theoretical basis of the Stalinist-model old socialist tradition.Marx’s notion of practical rationalities is gradually established with the sublation of "absolute idealism" characterized by Hegel’s philosophical theory. The growing up process of rational notion experiences Kant’s idealistic rationalities, young Hegel’s liberalism, Hegel’s absolute idealism and Feuerbach humanistic rationalities, eventually converts the human mind-set from the real things’creator to practical ideology. Simultaneously, it also makes rationality regain human identity, after opposing "non-identity rationalities" and "faux identity rationalities", rationality becomes the rationality of social practice subject. And during this process "theory of human nature" has been perfected. Human nature is the sum of all social relations, and is realistic, historical and rational social practice subject.China’s reform practice promotes the Max’s practical rationalities, understands Marxist philosophy from the angle of "practice", corrects the deviation, strengthens the discourse right of Marxist philosophy in the economic ideology realm, overcomes dogmatic thinking mode under absolute idealism, which makes China’s economic development disengage the traditional planned-economy mode, avoid thorough implementing at one go and "shock therapy" of total marketization, revive human reality and subject identity, fully mobilize the zeal, initiative and creativity of people-the subject of market economy construction, and eventually accomplish eye-catching achievements.