The Study Of Sea-west Jurchen In The Ming Dynasty

The board concept of Sea-West region in the early Ming Dynasty succeed by the concept in Yuan Dynasty.The origin and development of Sea-West Jurchen in the Ming Dynasty : Wild Men or Jurchen was not the same ethnic group.With the integration of these two ethic groups, Wild Man-Jurchen, Jurchen-Wild Man, Wild Man became the generalized concepts of Jurchen.During Xuade Period to Zhengtong Period, Group Including Wuji-Garrison and Group Including Kaoliangwu-Garrison formed successively. The former was the rudiment of Sea-West Jurchen.With these two groups’ differentiation and fusion, Haixn Jurchen formed officially.During Jiajing Period to Wanli Period, Sea-West Jurchen called by people in the Ming Dynasty referred to South Strategic Pass and North Strategic Pass and expended to Four Tribes of Hulun which evolved by Group Including Wuji-Garrison. At the same time, it was a view which divided Jurchen to three parts that Jianzhou Jurchen,Sea-West Jurchen and Wild Man Jurchen.Social organization form and ethnic identity: Four Tribes of Hulun was Nara Hala that was a covenant community with blood community consciousness residue. The social organization of Four Tribe of Hulun was tribe and clan. Four Tribe of Hulun was into the development stage of state formation.Tribe-State was comprised by capital city,general city and village.Cities of Jurchen could classified as “city by soil”, “city by wool ”and “city by stone” or as “capital city”, “city for bussiness”,“city for war”and “temporary city”.“Capital city”, “vice city”and“guard city”formed a system. King and king’s family, chief lived in capital city.Soldiers gathered outside capital city. Succession to the throne in Four Tribes of Hulun was a bilateral succession system which has two formations,double lineage double king and single lineage double king.Ethnic identity of Four Tribes of Hulun obtained by the way of marriage, living-together and becoming sworn bothers knew by analysis of the text about Nacibulu. Nacibulu herioized, history of Nara Hala group became the history of witch ethnic group called Four Tribes of Hulun.Nara Hala became the expression of ethnic identity of Four Tribes of Hulun.Strategy to Sea-West Jurchen from Ming Dynasty: Ming Dynasty granted Jurchen chiefs. Viewed on four periods--Yongle Period,Xuande to Tianshun Period,Chenghua to Hongzhi period,Zhengde to Jiajing Period –during which Ming Dynasty granted Jurchen chiefs, we could see a trend that the positions from lower to higher,the number from less to more, which mean declining of political authority from Ming Dynasty granting.Jurchen presenting tribute to Ming Dynasty was a change from a symbol which mean that Jurchen surrendered to Ming Dynasty to a way by which Jurchen got wealth. We saw it by observation each period’s situation: during Yongle Period, the strategy about Jurchen presenting tribute basic established; Zhengtong to Chenghua Period,the strategy became limitation; Hongzhi Period, presenting tribute became a way of interest demands; Zhengde Period, presenting tribute moreover became a way by which Ming Dynasty pacified Jurchen; Jiajing Period,presenting tribute was gradually out of control. The core of Pacifying by Award was bestow after presenting tribute which including major bestow for office position, reward to tribute,extra bestow, in addition by bestow from market, banquet as award and reward cause of convey message or placating Jurchen or Mongol.Yongle Period,Pacifying by Award was basically formed.The reation of Sea-West Jurchen for strategy from Ming Dynasty: The characteristic of Liaodong boundary society was countrymen and foreigner hybrid.Sea-West Jurchen was inner boundary for Ming Dynasty. The strategy case for attraction Jurchen to affiliate which has favorable treatment played an effect. During Xuande period to Zhengtong Period, Group Including Wuji- garrison took a living mode that one part affiliated to Ming Dynasty and lived in Liaodong, the other part did not affiliate and lived approach Liaodong.During Jingtai Period, lots of Jurchen garrisons in Sea-West region affiliated in Liaodong that providing a basis for the formation of Sea-West Jurchen.During Xuande Period to Jingtai Period, it was a accident that Sea-West Jurchen invaded frontier. During Chenghua Period, it was a way by what Sea-West Jurchen expressed dissatisfaction and demands.During Hongzhi Period to Zhengde Period, it was that Ming Dynasty mainly pacified Sea-West Jurchen when they invaded frontier.During Jianjing Period,the chief of Hada Tribe named Wang Tai as an agent for Ming Dynasty constrained Sea-West Jurchen so invading frontier by them rarely occurred. It was a thing that Wang Tai caught Wang Gao because of Jianzhou Jurchen and Sea-West Jurchen became differentiated for infesters from tributary and marker.After that, situation in Liaodong about Jurchen charged.A special kind of certificates had both political and economical significance for Jurchen.Fight for the certificates beyond South Strategic Pass and North Strategic Pass started when Hada Tribe and Yehe Tribe was prosperous ended with Hada Tribe perished.Fight for the certificates mean that the strategy from Ming Dynasty for Sea-West Jurchen for strategy from Ming Dynasty did not work anymore..