The Late Ming Liaodong Horse Market Trade War And The Rise And Fall Jurchen Tribes

The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the relationship between frontier marketsand the rise of Nurhachi. After the guard post system collapsed in the invade of Mongolian inYingzong Period, the Ming court lost ability to control the Jurchen tribes.The Liaodong frontiersystem transformed to the Kaiyuan-Hada and Yehe trade alliances to keep frontier peace andcontrol the Jurchens economic, even including the lower Amur valley and Siberia forest tribes.Nurhachi attempted to grab the fur and ginseng trade from the Kaiyuan frontier market to establisha domination position in Jurchen. In a word, the rise of Nurhachi was an regional tradecompetition, but not ethnic conflict between Han Chinese and Manchu.