A Study On Myth And Belief Of Sankuan In Shanghai

The dissertation is about the revival and invention of Sankuan myth and belief in Shanghai. The main question is to analyze the revival and invention of Sankuan cultural in modern Shanghai on the base of history memory about Sankuan culture of Shanghai. Myth narrative and festival ritual are the important material. There has been the interaction between official and folk people since 1978. Under the interaction, there are three patterns:the first is to dominant by official. The second is that the folk should submit to the official. The third is that the folk is to be own master. The paper aims to discuss the revival and invention of Sankuan myth and belief in modern Shanghai under the three models.For the question, the paper’s main clue is culture memory. The first one discusses the Sankuan cultural history and details. In brief, during the history periods, invention lies in history and modern life. The second one is about history and content of the Sankuan cultural in Shanghai. Especially, the cultural maps are drawn by the address analysis of Sankuan temples. The time period is from Yuan dynasty to the People’s Republic of China. These maps show the deep foundation about Sankuan culture in Shanghai. The below build on this model:The revival and invention of myth and religion stem from person’s requirement. As the demand difference of the official and the folk, it results that dealing with the behavior of myth and belief is different. And it happen the interaction between the official and the folk. So There classifies the revival and invention of Sankuan culture into three types by the interaction between the official and the folk----the official dominance, the folk obedience to the official, the folk independence.Under the official dominant, the main idea is not to invent the Sankuan culture, but to restore the Daoism Sankuan culture. Sanyuan temple of Pudong is as an example. There are two rites about sculpture and Daoism person. And in essence, revival is to emphasize the myth thought regression.Under the folk obedience to the official, folk people choose to submit to the official to deal with the Sankuan admiration when they lose their land on the process of urbanization. The way is that folk people put the sculpture into the official temple. The example is at the countryside of Pudong. It is an invention for Sankuan admiration. There are four results-----victory together between the official and the folk, Sankuan God without space, Sankuan God without the main position, and the folk Sankuan standing for the official Sankuan. Among these results, the traditional invention is the folk Sankuan standing for the official Sankuan. At the Guandi temple, the folk invents the three brother official tradition.Under the folk people’s management, the paper mainly elaborates two types:remains and an entirety temple cultures. It discusses the invention on the base of Sankuan cultural revival on the process of recovery. The memories are the most important thing. For the Sankuan remains temple cultures, the main point is about sculpture. The Sankuan remains temple cultures easily disappear when there is no sculpture. But it can be held when there is Sankuan sculpture. For the entirety temple cultures, on the one side, the folk people choose the Buddhism rites to be restored. On the other side, the folk make the tradition about Yao Shun Yu Sankuan.Finally, the paper comes to the conclusion, an invention of Sankuan Culture is in favor of the official in history and the folk takes part in them. The folk expand its contents on the base of the invention of the official. And the Sankuan culture’s main body rarely changes after the main part is established. In modern Shanghai, it emphasizes the revival under the official dominance. It stresses the invention under the folk autonomy. It underlines to get the admiration space for Sankuan sculpture in the official temple. It is a traditional invention. And, the substance about the revival and invention of Sankuan culture is to strengthen and return the traditional myth thought.