The Research On Philosophy Of "Dao" And "De " Of "Ming" Of Zhuangzi

Zhuangzi is a collective writings by the Warring States Period philosopher Zhuangzi and his students.Due to the frequent wars, social unrest at that time, people to think about the "Ming" was increasing.The theme through the book of Zhuangzi is about "Ming". Based on the predecessors’ research, this paper try to systematically illustrate the thought about "Ming" of Zhuangzi, and make reasonable comments on it. This effort aims to revitalize the thought of "Ming"" in order to comprehend and apply by our people today, which make the thought itself be full of vitality and value.The thought of "Ming" of Zhuangzi is based on the core categorys of Dao" and "De",and thus presents a unique thought about "Ming" of the "Dao" and "De" of philosophy. To accurately grasp the similarities and differences between Zhuangzi and his students about the thought of "Ming", so this paper will respectively analyze the thought of "Ming" of their works.However, the thought of "Ming" of the Inner Chapters and the Outer Chapters and the Miscellaneous Chapters will be illustrated by the following aspects, on the basic theory of "Ming", on the essence of "Ming",on life and death, on arrange for "Ming", on provide for "Ming"and so on. Every aspect is not isolated, but it is interrelated, and a red line which is "Dao" and "De" run through the thought of "Ming".On the one hand, this paper will analyze the thought of "Ming"of the Inner Chapters. It contains the following aspects,firstly,"Dao" and "De" is the foundation of the thought of "Ming".Secondly, the essence of "Ming" of naturalism lies in the freedom, equality and virtue.Thirdly, the idea of life and death of the thought which included "making me toil to sustain my life(劳我以生)","offering me resting place when I die (息我以死)",not to "like life or hate death(悦生而恶死)",to believe "life and death being one and the same(死生存亡之一体)".Fourthly, to solve the dilemma of "Ming" need specific strategies,which contains rejecting mission, complying fate, isolating naming, preserving life, and so on. Fifthly, in order to provide for "Ming",people should comply with the principle of "setting your mind at flight by going along with things as they are, and cultivating your mind by resigning yourself to the inevitable(乘物以游心，托不得己以养中)", and through the concrete methods of "fasting of the mind(心斋)","sitting and forgetting(坐忘)","tranquility amid turmoil",and "naturally acquired(自得)".This purpose is to "let his mind wander in the realm of natural harmony(游心乎德之�'�). In other words, the efforts means that should return to nature. Lastly, returning to nature means that people are close to people’s ideal personality, such as the true man, the holy man,the sage and the perfect man.On the other hand, this paper will analyze the thought of "Ming"of the Outer Chapters and the Miscellaneous Chapters.It contains the following aspects,firstly, "Dao", "De" and "Qi" is the foundation of the thought of "Ming".Secondly, the essence of "Ming" of naturalism lies in simple, true and self-sufficiency.Thirdly,the idea of life and death of the thought which contains that life or death is the convergence of "Qi"or is the breaking-up of "Qi", life is short and death is inevitable,and "life and death are one(死生之一守)".Fourthly, to solve the dilemma of "Ming" need concrete strategies,which contains "submitting to the nature of ’Ming’(安其性命之情)", "maintaining to the nature of ’Ming’(任其性命之情)",and "not mastered by anything(不物于物)".A man who is not mastered by anything has three main ways,which are "cherishing life and neglecting fame and wealth(重生则利 轻)","refusing to be an official(不愿仕)", and"caring for no name(不兴名)".Fifthly, in order to maintain one’s "Ming",he should need assistance of "a wholesome physical form and sufficient vital energy(形全精复)".For the sake of realizing the goal,people should comply with the concrete methods of "a man with a free and empty mind(虚 己)","a man with emptiness and peacefulness(虚静)","a man with forgetting himself(忘己)",and "naturally acquired(自得)". All the efforts are to achieve the purpose which let a man go to the harmony of nature of "Ming".Lastly, a man going to the harmony of nature of "Ming" means that who are close to people’s ideal personality.Obviously, the Outer Chapters and the Miscellaneous Chapters not only inherited the thought of "Ming" of the Inner Chapters,but also developed it,which determined they had the similarities and differences.In addition, the thought of "Ming" of Zhuangzi be compared with Confucius and Mencius and Tanjing,which can make a clear relationships between them, and can make a clear characteristics of the thought of "Ming" of Zhuangzi. The characteristics includes the following ways:"Ming"is supremacy. All things on earth is the initial point.The essence of "Ming"is true.The sense of orientation of "Ming"is aesthetic.The way of practice of "Ming" is following.The thought of "Ming" of Zhuangzi can have important inspiration in resolving the crisis of ecological environment,and solving the dilemma of "Ming".