Discussing The Thought Of Managing State Affairs In The Ideological Trend Of Real Learning During The Period Of Ming And Qing Dynasty

Because of the domestic trouble and foreign invasion in the late time of Ming dynasty, it was evolved a ideological trend of real learning, which developed in the beginning time of Qing dynasty. Since the 17th century, the west knowledge spread to the east gradually , which played the function of catching to real learning rise of ideological trend during the period of Ming and Qing dynasty. And thinkers of the beginning of Qing dynasty thought of Ming E'ynasty why of its decline and its extinction, which made them have a clear understanding to the New-Confucianism, especially its empty talk, thus they advocated the practical knowledge of managing state affairs, impelled style of study from empty to real, then formed a whiff of powerful real learning ideological trends. The essential charac'eristics of this whiff of ideological trends lied in "advocating reality and abolishing emptiness ", and the core was thought of managing state affairs.The thought of managing state affairs in the ideological trend of real learning during the period of Ming and Qing dynasty included by abundant content: in politics, it objected to monarch's " managing alone ", maintained " managing by all of people ", and recommended the just comment, encouraged democracy to discuss political affairs and other major and important matters; in economics, it advocated reforming the field system, limiting the annexation of land ,and recommended industry and commerce and agriculture's regarding as equally important, it also advocated free economy; in academy , it objected to empty talk and empty speech, put emphasis on the practical knowledge of managing state affairs, advocated the studying of seeking truth from facts. Having the characteristics of directness and other dominance of the thought of managing state affairs in the Ming and Qing dynasty, it included strong patrioticconsciousness and preliminary modern democratic consciousness inherently . These patriotic consciousness and democratic consciousness had realistic meaning and value so far.