The Study On The Effective Provision Of Rural Public Culture Goods

Article classifies public culture service into public goods and regards provision of public cultural goods as the function of government public service. Full text bases on public goods theory, referring and absorbing views of public choice theory and public consumption theory, from the point of provision efficiency and quality, systematically analyses the performance and problems in provision and construction of public culture goods in the rural of China, and from the perspective of awareness, system, mechanism and policy, it systematically clarifies the causes of low effect in providing rural public culture goods. The establishment of the rural public culture provision principle fully mobilizes and configures a variety of cultural resources, and provides guidance for making strategy to meet farmers’demands of public culture and cultural rights. Overall, the effectiveness of providing the rural public culture goods embodies not only the specific cultural facilities, activities, projects and contents, but also the enhancement of cultural goods’provision quality, the optimization of provision system environment between urban and rural, innovation of provision system and mechanism, motivation of peasant and society’s activity.The article mainly demonstrates that the regulatory cultural system and incomplete system of financial decentralization are fundamental restricting factors to cause providing rural public culture goods with inequality and low effect. The orientation of assessing local government and officials’performance with GDP further solidified the economic decentralization under the system of political centralization, which makes rural public culture goods’ provision not start from farmers’cultural need, but from local economic growth and officials’promotion. Because public culture goods have positive externality, which potential and hidden benefits often need a long time to appear, within the limited appointed cycle governments and officials provide observable rural public culture goods and mainly focuses on "sending culture goods", ignoring to cultivate farmers and society, which results in the tensely imbalance state in the supply and demand of rural public culture goods in long term.The article is divided into two parts:the first part is to construct theory, mainly articulates and cards theoretical origin and realistic basis in providing of public culture goods, including the chapterⅠand chapterⅡ. The second part as the body of the article, follows the three-step idea of questioning-analyzing-solving problems, analyzing public culture goods’provision situation in rural, restrictive factors affecting effective provision, effective principles and countermeasures, including the third, fourth, fifth and sixth chapters.Introduction mainly analyses the background and significance of providing public culture goods in rural, from the perspective of providing public goods, combs the domestic and foreign literature, and briefly summarizes ideas, methods, and innovation in research. The second chapter in the article clarifies a more comprehensive theoretical analysis on the basis of the concept of public culture goods, especially discussing the problem and resolution mechanism on reference display of demand in providing public goods, which because that from the perspective of public goods’ provision, demand is the starting point of the provision, as well as fundamental criteria for assessing performance of the provision, and provision of public cultural goods are no exception. Collective consumption theory regards the transformation from social model to private model as the key to solve the shortage of provision, which provides a useful reference to optimize provision system and form multi-provision models.The third chapter, the real analysis of situation on providing rural public culture goods based on statistical data and results of field research, which affirms the current achievement of government in the cultural projects of benefiting people on the one hand, but also indicates problems of providing public cultural goods, such as input size, structure, direction, the overall efficiency and staffing with detailed data.In the fourth chapter, article first of all, indicates that causes of providing rural public culture goods with low-efficiency and time-lag is the misunderstanding on the relationship between public culture and economic development. Lack of subjective understanding is only one aspect of the problem, the key of shortage provision is the existing block of cultural management and financial systems. Reverse of the value of the existing cultural system, disorder of structure, non-argument of design and the unequal pressure financial system in which property rights moves upon and powers moves down, make a tense confrontation between the system operation and farmers’cultural quality of life and well-being. Judging from the provision system of rural public culture, lack of peasants’cultural demand of expression mechanism, dislocation of decision-making mechanism, rigidity of provision system, distortion of incentive evaluation mechanism and failure of autonomous operation, lead that each step of provision can’t link orderly, and every function can’t operate effectively, which seriously affecting the efficiency and quality of provision. In addition, the provision of rural public culture goods is lack of policy support and protection.Taking into account the current development realities in China’s rural area, governmental functions and the scope of financial payments, effective provision of rural public culture goods must follow the principles such as public welfare, government-led, demand-oriented, fairness, fundamental and convenience. The fifth chapter of the article analyses the basis of these principles in detail.In the sixth chapter, it indicates that transformation and construction of public service system secure people’s cultural rights and satisfy people’s basic cultural demands. Service system is not only the inherent requirements of cultural rights, but also the basic direction of government changing its role and functions, which depends on the implementation of the current tax system reforms. Only scientific division of powers and relative financial rights can define the responsibilities and scope of government payment, also transfer payments of central government on public culture and local government’s financial ability will constitute strong support for rural public culture goods’ provision. Establishment of multi-provision mode, is to adapt to the diverse cultural needs of farmers on the one hand, on the other hand it also depends on the arrangement of multiple competitive coexistence ownership system, which is because, from the point of provision efficiency, nobody or not any provision pattern can solve all problems of rural public culture goods. Coexistence of competition will lead to "Tiebout effect" and "yardstick competition effect", which make different ownership of provision involve in a potential competition relationship and provide more available choices for farmers, also urge to reflect farmers’ cultural needs in the competition among different bodies.Performance assessment as a tool or means can better reflect the provision efficiency and standards of rural public culture goods. Farmers’ effective participation and smooth expression of cultural demand can promote provision efficiency and standards, which requires that the design of assessment index reflects the principle of people-oriented. It includes index with economic efficiency value, and index with quality value, farmers’ satisfaction value and fair value. Comparing with the cultural performance evaluation index of China and foreign countries, the article takes peasants’ cultural demand satisfaction as the core, organically integrates the governments’ rational evaluation indicators and farmers’participation indicators, which build users’ public culture satisfaction index system in rural area, and reflects the attention on equitable and sustainable development of rural culture.The final part of article, from the angle consciousness and development of rural culture, points out the realization of "low-consumption, high-welfare" target will depend on government standing on the situation of farmers’cultural demand and reconstructing farmers’lifestyle when facing up with various system obstacles, which gives market, society and other non-government institutions opportunities to participate, also gives farmers more culture selection to constantly increase farmers’ public culture welfare. In addition, this section also provides an analysis of deficiencies in the research and makes prospects for the future study.