Research Of Area Pollution From Agricultural Source

Industiral point source pollution has progressed with speed with IndustiralRevolution for three hundred years. With the consistent following of pollutiondisposing technology, relevant institution and financial investment, it has tended todecline and become steady. Agricultural green revolution started from the1950s, butagricultural area pollution has arrived quietly in the silent spring,and the result ofwhich is that "Birds can’t sing with joy and ifsh can’t swim happily."If this situationcontinues, human beings won’t live healthily and happily. At present, on one hand,agricultural area pollution has steadily become the important source of water pollution;on the other hand, benefiters related to agriculture, including the government,do’ntvalue "Sp"ring" but emphasize "Summer and "Autumn", which mean grain harvestand agricultural increase."Dual Revolution" is needed eagerly in agricultural ifeld, i.ethe revolution of agircultural production and the revolution of environment protection,only by this can the above two problems be solved in concord. In any moderncountry,it is easy to ifnd a good law on environment protection, but very diiffcult toifnd a good law on agricultural area pollution prevention. There are quite a lot ofdocuments in other ifelds, but research in legal ifeld has just started-Based on theabove consideration, this dissetration aims to study legal institution about agriculturalarea pollution prevention.This dissertation falls into three parts, namely, the Introduction,the Main Bodyand the Conclusion. The Main Body constitutes three chapters.The Introduction deals firstly with the putting-forward of questions and itsdomestic and overseas background, making an analysis of the aim and meaning of thissubject.summarizing relevant research and expounding in detail the clue andapproaches of this research The innovations of this dissertation lie in the following:breaking through boundaries of various subjects that have dispute over the concept ofagricultural area pollution, expounding the connotation of agricultural area pollutionby making compairson between agricultural area pollution and traditional point sourcepollution.This paper put forward methods to deal with agricultural area pollution fromidea to concrete practice by employing sociological, economic, environmental andlegal knowledge and ersearch methods, adoptting foreign expeirence in thisrespect,especially making analysis of prospects of institutional practice andinstitutional perfection.Chapter I deals with the following: agircultural area pollution is an importantsource of water pollution. There are many classifications about pollution sources,point source pollution and area source pollution differ in the distirbution type ofpollution source in space, that is, the type is the concentrated "point" or the scattered "area In detail, Agircultural area pollution comes from agircultural ifeld and entersthe surface or underground in the form of micro-scattered type. Agricultural areapollution has ascended since the1970s when it was put forward and proved. However,water pollution prevention law in all countries simply emphasized point source pollution, which caused water pollution not to be completely solved. This chaptersummarized other explanations of agricultural area pollution and point out theirmistakes.Chapter II deals with some major characteristics of agricultural area pollutionand its cotrolling difficulties”. Agricultural area pollution is a “new type of pollutionsource that differs from traditional point source pollution. The most obvious specialtyis it"s “area，and b"ased on it this agricultural area pollution from" area "to’Nvater.Agricultural has clear agricultural color and has the specialty That it is discharged atrandom, diiffcult to monitor and deal with because it is affected by climate owing tothe property coming from the interaction of manpower and nature. At present，how todetermine the subject of liability for agricultural pollution coming from agriculturalpollution source and the highly scattered pollution source and to bear the liabilityhas become the problem in agricultural area pollution’s prevention and controlling.Chapter III deals with the prevention and control ways of agricultural area sourcein some developed cuntries. The combination of point source and area source controlto realize the standard of water quality has proved effective in the USA. Themanagement mcaurcs are tradable emission permits, water quality guaranty, the bestpractices in agricultural field, tradable nutrients licence,ere.In general, agirculture isadvanced in EU, and some special countries such as Denmark and Holland dependentirely on underground water. So, EU legislation emphasizes the protection ofunderground water from being polluted by agricultural area source pollution.OECD；Chemical fertilizer and pesticide management, environmenta】 taxes, environmentalsubsidy, educational training on agricultural environmental protection and othermeasures have also played their poles respectively in this ifeld. The Spanish NationalIrrigation Plan also make effect on controlling agricultural area source pollutionthrough economizing-based irrigation project.Chapter IV makes analysis of institutions and their results of the Law onPrevention and Control of Water Pollution in China. Both legal idea and concreteinstitution of this law overemphasizes traditional point source pollution harness, inwhich a lot of institutions and methods about industrial point sourcc pollution exist,such as discharge standard on water pollutant, discharge monitoring on waterpollutant, permit on pollution discharge, charge on pollution discharge，control ofdischarge total on important water pollutant, harness within the prescribed time,etc.Among the ninety-two articles in this law, only five articles arc targeted at agriculturalarea source pollution, which are too general and not easy to apply. Owing to theoveremphasis on point source pollution in this law, government of all levels only carefor the city and control of industrial pollution, leaving agircultural area sourcepollution go unchecked. Some measures have been taken to tackle this problem onlybecause agricultural area source pollution has affected industrialization and theprogress of cities and towns. Only by putting agricultural area source pollutionprevention and control on important agenda can water pollution problem be solvedcompletely in China.Inspect of Water Pollution Control I,aw，some other laws alsostimulate agricultural area source pollution.Because the legislation glols are not waterpollution prevention or legislation emphasis is not agriculture, most of these laws only digressive allusion to agricultural area source pollution.Nowadays,Chinese has notestablished a pefect system of agircultural area source pollution.Chapter V is about perfection of the Law oil Prevention and Control of WaterPollution from the aspect of controlling agircultural area soucre pollution effectively.One important cause to account for the present situation is that there are no suchstrong legislation as Clean Water Act in the USA and Nitrate Directive in EU topromote prevention and control of agircultural area source pollution. Chinese WaterPollution Control Law should build up a conccpt of putting agricultural area sourcepollution and point source pollution in the same important place and to prevent andcontrol agricultural area soucre pollution simultaneously under the guide of correctidea. Other legislation should make corresponding changes.Concrete measures relatedto "prevention” include imposing taxes on chemical fertilizer and pesticide duirng thestage of retail to forbid or limit the production of non-environment-friendlyagricultural chemicals and realize the proper use of agircultural chemicals, supportingand encouraging various subjects to develop non-pollutant or low pollutant substitutes,publicizing environment knowledge to farmers and carrying out newest technicaltraining, combining agricultural subsidy aimed at harvest increase with environment,encouraging farmers to carry out the optimum management practice in line with localconditions,etc. As for "control" of it，the point is to put agircultural area sourcepollution into the total control plan concerning important water pollutant. Themaximum load per day in Clean water Act can be borrowed.Meanwhile, monitoringsystem about agricultural area source pollution should be established to provideinformation basis for other measures. This Chapter also discussed implementationmechanism such as the compensation mechanism for watershed ecology, theinteraction of ccntral government and local government, public participationmechanism and international cooperation mechanism.In conclusion,this dissertation holds the view that agricultural area sourcepollution is in fact a by-product of human civilization progress，is a problem ofextremeness and allocation caused by human activities beyond nature’s bearingcapability. If people want to develop and use land resources, they have to takemeasures to limit themselves. Agricultural area source pollution is a process duringwhich natural force and human force combine, and the extremeness of the former isthat of the latter. Therefore, human beings must face the relationship between manand nature and try to reduce pollution during the course of pollution control.