| Based on the long-term pursuit of agricultural output and the implementation of agricultural grant policy guided by this policy,agricultural inputs such as agriculture,fertilizer and other agricultural inputs have been over applied in our country.At the same time,under the dualistic system of urban and rural areas,the government ignored the treatment of rural environmental problems for a long time,which caused the accumulation of agricultural pollution,resulting in eutrophication of water and the formation of agricultural non-point source pollution.At present,agricultural non-point source pollution has become an urgent environmental pollution problem in China.However,agricultural non-point source pollution is due to its wide area,dispersion,relative trace and disorder of pollutant transport path.It makes it impossible to prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution effectively because of the current environmental control measures based on point source pollution in our country.Agricultural non-point source pollution as a global environmental problem,the United States through the implementation of economic incentives to prevent and control measures,the use of financial support to achieve a good non-point source pollution control effect.Through the analysis of the background and idea of the establishment of the agricultural non-point source pollution control grant in the United States,the specific procedure setting,and the effectiveness of the system,we can learn the essence of the United States non-point source pollution prevention and control grant system in the United States.In order to make up for the shortage of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in our country,the grant system of agricultural nonpoint source pollution prevention and control in our country is set up.In the face of the damage caused by agricultural nonpoint source pollution to the water body,the US Congress first incorporated the agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control into the water pollution prevention and control legal regulation system when the Federal Water Pollution Control Law was amended in 1972.section 208 provides financial support for the formulation and implementation of the overall regional waste disposal management plan,including the treatment of point source and non-point source pollution,in order to achieve the improvement and restoration of damaged water quality.Under the cooperative federalism,with the establishment of the EPA,the federal control of state water pollution control has been strengthened.Therefore,in section 208,the three parties of the Environmental Protection Agency,the state government,and the regional governance institutions have made corresponding provisions on the rights and obligations in the agricultural nonpoint source pollution prevention grant fund system.At the same time,the EPA issued guidelines setting out detailed funding applications,approval of entity and procedural rules.However,due to the voluntary provision,the lack of supervision over the use of funds and the insufficient investment in agricultural non-point source pollution control,section 208 were considered to be a failure because of the failure to achieve the purpose of water pollution control.Congress also effectively stopped funding section 208 program grants in 1981.Due to the lack of investment in management funds,agricultural nonpoint source pollution has not been effectively controlled,resulting in more and more serious water pollution,which has become the main pollution source of water pollution.So when Congress enacted the Clean Water Act of 1987,it was the first time that non-point source pollution control was regulated as a separate provision,and it came at a time when calls for a balance of power between the federal and state states under the new federalism were on the rise.In order to achieve a relatively balanced relationship with state governments in water pollution matters,the federal government no longer directly administers local agencies for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control matters in section 319.Instead,the state government is in charge of a state's nonpoint source pollution prevention and control.At the same time,drawing lessons from the implementation of section 208,the contents of grant system for agricultural nonpoint source pollution prevention and control are set up in more detail.At the same time,the EPA is faced with insufficient funds for the implementation of the grant system,rough procedures for applying for grant funds,inaccurate evaluation results in the use of funds,and weak monitoring facilities.Through the consolidation of funds for relevant environmental governance projects,refinement of application procedures,improvement of the mechanism for assessing the use of funds,launching of national nonpoint source pollution monitoring plans and promotion of the sharing of relevant environmental monitoring information,The grant system for the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution has been further improved.By tracing the changes of the contents of the grant system for agricultural nonpoint source pollution control in the United States,the evolution of the system and its contents are expounded.and the guidelines issued by the Environmental Protection Agency for this system in several years are taken.The investigation report and the water quality report of the United States were used as texts to evaluate the grant system for agricultural non-point source pollution control in the United States as a whole.Although the implementation of the nonpoint source pollution grant system in the United States is facing many challenges,the implementation of the system has still achieved good results in the treatment of nonpoint source water pollution.From the perspective of the legal system of nonpoint source pollution control in the United States,the construction of the system is comprehensively examined.This paper comments on the grant system of nonpoint source pollution control and draws the quintessence of system design.Through tracing the source of the changes in the content of the United States agricultural non-point source pollution control grant system,and using information such as guidelines,investigation reports and water quality reports issued by the Environmental Protection Department for several years on the system,This paper reviews the grant system of agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in the United States.In view of the system implementation,the implementation of the US agricultural non-point source pollution grant system is faced with many challenges,and is also criticized by many scholars,but the system implementation has achieved good water pollution control effect from the water quality report.Based on the same cause of formation and treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution,and the similarity of the existing fund management system of agricultural non-point source pollution control grant in China with that of the United States in preventing and controlling non-point source pollution,China can draw lessons from the concept of grant system for agricultural non-point source pollution prevention and control in the United States.Firstly,the government underfineds grant system for non-point source pollution prevention and control in China is made clear through legislation.Secondly,the regional heterogeneity in dealing with agricultural non-point source pollution is more effectively dealt with.We should further promote the matching of the financial rights and powers of provincial government in the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution,and divide the responsibilities of allocation,use and supervision of funds between the central government and provincial government departments,so that the funds can be utilized in a targeted manner.At the same time,with the help of the provisions of the use of the agricultural non-point source pollution control funds,the relevant funds for preventing and controlling the agricultural nonpoint source pollution can be polymerized,the construction of the agricultural nonpoint source pollution monitoring facilities is strengthened,the relevant information on the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution is supported,and the implementation of the relevant water pollution control measures can be assisted.Through the integration of funds to promote the coordinated implementation of agricultural non-point source pollution control measures in order to promote the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution in China. |
PDF Full Text Request