Since The 16th National Congress Of The Communist Party Of China Institutional Anti-corruption Pattern Innovation Research

Corruption is one of the major concerns of all governments around the world and the general public. In a certain cense, the90-year history of the Communist Party of China (CPC) is one of unremitting combats against corruption. Since the16th National Congress of the CPC, the CPC has been exploring effective anti-corruption approaches, and presently the institutional combat against corruption is a historical and realistic choice of the CPC for combating corruption. This paper attempts to systematically summarize practices and achievements as well as successful experience of the CPC in the development of the anti-corruption institutions. It also seeks to objectively analyze the international and national environments as well as the reality of the CPC and general public of China and explore approaches to further improve the institutional combat against corruption under the guidance of the CPC, stressing the characteristics of effectiveness and constant development of the institutional combat against corruption.Part I of this paper mainly analyzes the basic theories on anti-corruption modes. Different anti-corruption theories dictate different understanding of the causes of corruption and other related factors, the starting points and value-related goals of anti-corruption systems. Six typical anti-corruption theories including the Rent-seeking Theory are studied and the factors composting the institutional anti-corruption approach are identified. Based on the foregoing, various anti-corruption modes, including campaign-based, organizational and institutional anti-corruption modes are analyzed and the essential characteristics of anti-corruption modes are identified. It is concluded that the control and supervision over the power is the central issue of the anti-corruption work and the development of anti-corruption modes of the CPC in this new era.Part II reviews the development of the anti-corruption modes adopted by the CPC prior to the16th National Congress of the CPC. The anti-corruption modes adopted during the Democratic Revolution, the early stage after the foundation of the People’s Republic of China and the development of the socialist market economy featured historical limitations. The main anti-corruption modes, campaign-based and organizational anti-corruption modes, worked to a certain extent under the historical conditions but also caused a number of problems. Those periods are ones in which the CPC sought to explore and develop anti-corruption modes. By now, institutional anti-corruption approach is an inevitable choice of the CPC. The campaign-based and the organizational anti-corruption mode played their roles in those periods, and now the new social and economic developments dictate the necessity of the institutional anti-corruption approach as well as the core issues to be addressed and the value-based goals to be pursued. Part III analyzes causes triggering the adoption and development of the institutional anti-corruption mode and objectively describes the international and national environment and the reality of the CPC. The changes in the historic missions of the CPC dictate the development of new state-governing philosophy and practices. Presently, the corruption practices have changed and call for the reestablishment of new anti-corruption modes. It is proposed that the institutional anti-corruption mode should be established from a new historical perspective, help with the comprehensive promotion of the construction of the CPC and ensure the leading position of the CPC in the development of the socialism with unique Chinese characteristics.Part IV relates the establishment and achievements of the institutional anti-corruption mode between the16th and the18th National Congresses of the CPC. The16th National Congress of the CPC established the anti-corruption approach of the Chinese characteristics, stressing roles of institutions in combating against corruption. The institutional anti-corruption mode was improved comprehensively and the anti-corruption system centering on the institution development was established and improved, with reasonable achievements. The institutional anti-corruption mode developed more scientifically during this period.Part V mainly analyzes new problems and challenges confronting the CPC in its anti-corruption work by means of the institutional anti-corruption mode. Main problems include the lack of top-level design for institutional anti-corruption mode in terms of institution planning, involvement of institution-formulating bodies, conflicts between government policies and national laws, appearance of institutional corruption and inconsistence with the international anti-corruption laws and practices. Incompetent operating and supporting mechanisms within the institutional anti-corruption framework and the inconsistence between the administrative system and the innovative institutional anti-corruption mode are main challenges threatening the innovation on the institutional anti-corruption mode.Part VI proposes innovative ideas for the institutional anti-corruption modes in the new era. Laws should play a key role in the institutional anti-corruption work in terms of general planning and basic content. Common efforts in different modes from different institutions should be the major approach to integrate and optimize relevant institutions. In an era with high incidence of corruption and economic and social transition, the law should be fully used in combating corruption and various anti-corruption institutions shall be effective implemented. It is important to uphold the leadership of the CPC, quicken the pace of formulation of anti-corruption laws at the level of the central government and establish an anti-corruption assessment system consistent with international practices. Setting up special experimental areas is an important measure to promote the institutional anti-corruption work.