Individual Development And Citizen Formation:Research On The Practical Logic Of Citizenship Education

Kant says that the most important problem that the human being is forced to solve is to construct a civil society focusing on the common managements and the law rights. As a resuit, it is the supreme mission for the human being to establish and protect the civil society. The basement of the country depends on the individual. Meanwhile, the ideal civil society should be based on the integrated individual and self-improvements in the process of pursuing the happiness and the benefits of the other people. The essence of the education is to cultivate the individual’s humanity and prepare the citizen with the responsibility of serving the society, which means the citizenship education is connected with the whole aim of the education. On the basis of the relationship between the individual and the citizen, it aims at revealing that the practice logic of the citizenship education is to explore the inner approach of the practice of the citizenship education depending on the principle of the integrity production of the citizenship education, and to construct the integrated practice system of the citizenship education.By reviewing the existed research of citizen the citizenship education to analyze the essence of the citizenship education from the complex definition and the facts, it illustrates the basic connation of the contemporary citizenship education. With the turning of the conception of the citizen from the particular to the common, it is known to all that the permanent value of self improvements of the individual is of the utmost importance in the public life from the citizens of the ancient Greek poleis to the establishment of citizenship in the modern national countries. The thoughts of the citizenship education of Socrates, John Dewey and Arendt emphasize the participation in the public business enthusiastically are the utmost value of the citizen. Nowadays, with the increase of the individuation, the basic connation of citizenship education is to reshape the political character of the individual and cultivate the characteristics of the citizen in the public places in order to achieve the integration of the individual. The second chapter involves the premise problem which is the relationships between the individual development and the citizen formation to reveal the practice basements of the citizenship education. The inner approach of the citizen growth depends on the nature of the individual, and transcends the nature of the individual at the same time, which imply being citizens means to instruct the individual to be connected with other people and the whole society. In other words, it should be achieved to make the self improvements of the individual be related to other people’s happiness. As the crucial component to enter into the society for the individual, the friendship, rationality, responsibility and justice among the citizens are embodied the merits of the citizen in order to guide those people who only pay attention to the public life and civil society. As a result, the possible path of citizenship education is to transcend the practical and external authority and achieve the independency and the freedom of the citizens on the basis of the nature and the customs.Specifically speaking, the practice of citizenship education is operated based on the time and space. The cultivation of civil consciousness and civil personality exist in the whole life of the individual. The third chapter states the practical logic of civil education in different stages on the basis of the psychological structure and the spiritual order in the period of childhood, adolescence and adulthood. The citizenship education pays attention to this kind of person who is developing. The time characteristics of individual development determine the tempo, speed and orientation of the citizenship education. The citizenship education in childhood aims at laying foundation for the shape of democracy. In adolescence, the citizenship education stresses the cultivation of public rationality. And in adulthood, the citizenship education emphasizes the raise of the rational spirit of the citizen. Meanwhile, it can be achieved to be a open and developing citizen in the participation of the public life to promote civil virtue and expand the practice of citizen by deepening understanding and identity of society and public affairs.The fourth chapter attempts to reveal the practical logic of the citizenship education in different educational places based on the space by making a distinction between the private field and the public field among the family, school and society. Among them, as the intimate space to the development of the individual, the family should teach the individual to live a happy and reasonable life. In addition, it should appropriately instruct the individual to enter into other people and the society. As an organization being the middie place between the family and the society, on the one hand, school should instruct students to understand the world and cultivate the public rationality in the public life in direct or indirect ways. On the other hand, school should give students necessary protections in order to protect their intimacy from the external effects in public field. And the society is an open public field, in which the systems and the person should be open to the public life. The system should provide the effective guarantee for those people who participate in the public business and the social service. As a part of society, the individual’s civil quality can be treated as the basis of other people’sample.As the reform orientation of the contemporary education spirits, on the one hand, citizenship education aims at protecting the good characteristics of the humanity. On the other hand, it focuses on guiding and stimulating the public potentials of the individual in the time stage and space of the individual’s development. At the same time, in the process of being connected with other people and the society to expand the humanity by the characteristics of the citizens, it stresses to raise the height and breadth of individual’s self improvements in our times, transcending the orientation of intelligent people with high IQ, advanced knowledge and cultivating the practical citizens participating in the public life.