Research On "Labor Shortage" In The Post-Financial Crisis Era

During more than30years of reform and opening up, China’s economy has made great progress, but the peasant-workers are still simple economic subjects who are busy running about urban and rural areas to survive. Their labor rights is not guaranteed, social life fragmented, and even its original farmers registered permanent residence status have become the threshold of the embarrassing survival in the city. The interests appeal of the migrant workers group is very original and simple, getting relatively fair labor remuneration, satisfying family economic demand. The hard living conditions, the lack of labor security and urban society’s rejection can’t push the urban migrant workers out of the city. Of long duration, the peasant-workers provide cheap labor silently for China’s economic development. Therefore, making the economic income maximization is the most fundamental motive of the migrant workers going out. Holding of small-scale peasant "survival ethics"(HuangJing, JiZhigeng,2010), when the financial crisis hit, s large number of small and medium-sized business failures in southeast coastal, migrant workers who lose jobs will continue to search for jobs in the Midwest or near his hometown, which give their the expected maximization income. When the financial crisis recede, small and medium-sized enterprise has been difficult to meet the migrant workers need continuing to achieve its expected maximization income. The reasons include the southeast coastal life cost has increased, labor treatment is not munificent, plus peasant workers are increasing the subject consciousness.This, to a certain extent, can explain the causes of the shortage, and why are the main shortage problems appear in the small and medium-sized enterprises which are lack of labor safeguard.In addition, referring to the whole process of migrant workers’ flow,"shortage" means that the large number of migrant workers finally choose to leave. In recent years, under institutional constraints and social environment impact, employment situation of migrant workers have been improved, especially new generation migrant workers waking of their rights, has use the means of "voting with their feet" to fight against the discount pay and the lack of responsibility of the firm. They are eager to relatively fair treatment, therefore, shortage is a call to a system of fair (OuYangJun、YangZhengXi,2009). In this sense, fight "shortage" situation, we must promote rural labor transfer, namely the rural labor force not only come out from the countryside, but also become the urban residents, changing the mode of economic development of half urbanization to whole urbanization (YangXiaoTian,2008; YangYongHua,2010).The article is divided into six parts:In the first part, the authors summarizes the economic and social background of "shortage" problems, and stress the important practical significance. At the same time, the author defines the connotation and extension of several core concepts and introduces the research methods and data acquisition process of this research.The second part is the review of theory, mainly including:the foreign related research of rural labor transfer, the domestic research about the problems of rural migrant workers as well as the domestic research on shortage problem. At the same time, the authors summarize the theory basis:Marxism on rural labor force non-agriculture thoughts, todaro model and Schultz agricultural economic theory.The third part the author describe the whole process of "shortage".first, the author review the six stages of the farmers flow since1949and the evolution of the management policy. Next, the authors put the evolution of "shortage" in order and compare the two "shortage". Last, the author discusses the essence of "shortage" in the post-financial crisis.The fourth part is empirical research section, from the Angle of migrant workers subject, the author summarizes the city migrant workers’ living condition including employment, labor protection, life situation, social security, political participation and so on, and then explain why this existence state of migrant workers will become its "voting with their feet" motives, thus the author dicuss the causes in the micro level of "shortage". The fifth part, considering to the related factors, the author analysises the influence factors of the employment of rural migrant workers flow, and improve the"push, pull" model of the employment of rural migrant workers flow in the post-financial crisis. The sixth part is the Suggestions of the study. The author suggest several methords to ease the current shortage problem including employment promotion policy reform, building the collective consultation system, and improving the social security system, and strengthening education training of migrant works, ensuring peasant workers’ political rights, and other ways to ease the current shortage problem.The defects of this study lie in:First, the reliability of the data source. As the limit of the writer’s energy and ability, the process of the questionnaire survey failed to complete probability sampling wholly, and there is an influence of many external factors on the process of the questionnaire survey, so that it made the reliability and validity of the survey data at a discount to some extent. Secondly, the limitation of data analysis method. We can’t achieve the probability sampling in the process of the questionnaire survey; therefore we can’t achieve statistical analysis method with overall inference in the process of data analysis, with descriptive factors’ summary limitedly. Thirdly, the restriction of data quality and analysis method."Push-pull" model remains to be further improvement and optimization.