The Study On The European Ecological Socialism

The ecological environment is the necessary material foundation for the existence and development of human society, and also is the basic guarantee to realize the sustainable development of economy and society. In today’s society, the ecological environment is seriously threatened, and the increasingly serious ecological problems have become increasingly prominent with the development of politics, economy, culture and society. Ecology is not an isolated discipline, which has been widely applied in many disciplines such as economics, politics, philosophy, etc. Western scholars combine ecology with the theory of Marxism, and draw a picture of the future social ecological harmony in the form of social consciousness, such as the specific theories and ideas. Europe is an important theoretical town of ecological socialism, in which many ecological socialism representatives of European faction emerge, and they become a vital force in the ecological socialism. The European eco-socialist ideology has been widely concerned by scholars both at home and abroad. Therefore, the European ecological socialism is bound to become an important research field.The development of human history has reached a critical moment, which is the global rise of a "green revolution’’. The progress of human civilization trends from the primitive civilization, agricultural civilization, industrial civilization to the new height of the "ecological civilization". "Green development", as one of the five major development ideas in the new period, has become the main theme of the world and the common theme of the world. Ecological civilization is an important part of scientific development and practical requirements, but also the goal of "green development". To realize green development and strengthen ecological civilization construction, China needs to absorb the essence of western ecological socialism theory and protect the ecological environment of human survival. The analysis of the European ecological socialism will help people to correctly understand the guiding position of Marxism in ideology, so as to make the proletarian political party firmly grasp the leadership of the ideology. At the same time, the European ecological socialism injects new elements into China’s ecological civilization construction, which is conducive to the application and development of Marxism under the new historical condition in China, adhere to the green development road of ecological civilization, and achieve the harmonious and friendly coexistence of human and nature.This thesis, through the research on European ecological socialism, is to clarify the following three points: First, European ecological socialism has a sort of core strength, at the same time, there are some theoretical differences. European ecological socialism is not the true sense of scientific socialism, with the ideological trend of scientific socialism and green anarchy, and has experienced the cultural turn from post modernism to modernism. Second, the European ecological socialism has some theoretical defects. Although, it finally defend anthropocentrism of Marxism and can use the Marxist materialist dialectics to analysis the ecological problems, but, in solving the ecological problems, it deviates from the basic theory of Marxist historical materialism, with Utopian color. Third, in spite of the European ecological socialism has some defects in the theory, and it is unrealistic fantasy, but we should not completely negative the European ecological socialism, and we should see the ideas of the social justice, of the protection of the environment, of the science and technology civilization and so on can still produce beneficial enlightenment to the China’s ecological civilization construction.In this thesis, the research on the European ecological socialism is not only the learning and reference process of the ecological thought in Western, but also the thinking process of the China’s ecological civilization construction, aiming to better use Marxist standpoint, viewpoint and method to understand and analysis the social problems rightly, establishing Marxist belief, strengthening socialist belief, grasping the development history and the latest trends of European ecological socialism, absorbing the reasonable factor of European ecological socialism, combining Marxism with China’s practice, fulfilling the glorious mission of the China’s ecological civilization construction.The thesis( from the introduction to the conclusion)is divided into seven parts:The first part, namely the first chapter, is the introduction. The background and the significance, the domestic and foreign research status, the research ideas and methods, the innovation and deficiency of this thesis are introduced in turn.The second part, namely the second chapter, is the theoretical basis of the European ecological socialism. On the basis of an overview of ecological socialsm, it traces the theoretical foundation of European ecological socialism from three aspects: that is the ecological view of Marxism, the social critical theory of Marcuse of Frankfurt School, and the ecological thought of ecological centralism. Focusing on the ecological ideas of Marx and Engels, Marcuse’s social critical theory and the ecological ethics thought of three ecological centered believers, Including Aldo Leppold, Holmes Roston Ⅲ, Arne Naess.The third part, namely the third chapter, is the realistic gist of the formation of European ecological socialism. From the perspective of environmental history and political science, the realistic basis of European ecological socialism is analyzed. This part respectively expounds the ecological expansion doctrine in early Europe, the ecological environment problems in Europe, the influence of "European communism", the promotion of green politics in Europe. The purpose of this part is to investigate the historical reasons and political background of European ecological socialism.The fourth part, namely the fourth chapter, is the development process of European ecological socialism. This part mainly analyzes the development of the different period of European ecological socialism, and combs the development context separately by William Morris from Britain, Rudolf Bahro and Adam Schaff from Poland, Andre Gorz from France before the 1990 s, David Pepper from Britain, Saral Sarkar from Germany in the 1990 s, Derek Wall in 21 st century.The fifth part, namely the fifth chapter, is the core idea and theoretical differences of European ecological socialism. On the one hand, inducing and summarizing the idea of European ecological socialism from the four aspects of economic, political, social and cultural; on the other hand, analyzing and comparing the theoretical differences between the two camps of European ecological socialism, of which Ted Benton and David pepper are separately as the representatives.This part of European ecological socialism is not only from the overall summary of the core idea, but also from the analysis on the theoretical controversy by some of the representative figures.The sixth part, namely the sixth chapter, is the analysis of European ecological socialism and its enlightenment. In this part, On the one hand, the theoretical characteristics and the theoretical defects of the European ecological socialism are analyzed and evaluated; on the other hand, associating the European ecological socialism with China’s ecological civilization construction, pointing out the European ecological socialism has produced four enlightenments to China’s ecological civilization construction: first, adhering to the environmental justice ethics thought; second, strengthening the prevention and control of corruption in political force; third, advocating green consumption culture model; fourth, paying attention to the development mode of ecological technology.The seventh part, namely the seventh chapter, is the conclusion. It has concluded that: First, the theory of Marxism still has strong vitality today, and it can provide ideas and action guide for solving the ecological problems.Second, European ecological socialism belongs to the western Marxism camp, and it enriched and developed Marxism.Third, China’s ecological civilization construction needs to adhere to the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics, to absorb the reasonable components of the European ecological socialism, and combine the theory and practice.In short, European ecological socialism and China’s ecological civilization construction need "red" guidance of Marxism, and the China’s ecological civilization construction needs the "green" reference of European ecological socialism.