Research Of Advanced Japanese Education History Of PRC

This essay mainly concerns the study of the development history of Japanese teachingin higher education since the founding of The People’s Republican of China. By lookingback to the development in Japanese teaching and combining it with the change in both thesocial、political and economic environment and the relationship between China and Japansince1949, this essay has analyzed the growing path of the Japanese language teachingand the mechanism and principle of how the change in social situation as well aseducational concept can influence it. The historical lessons and experiences have beensummarized and the regular pattern of the Japanese language teaching activities with aChinese characteristic has also been discussed.This essay is made up of three parts: lead-in, volume one and volume two. In lead-in,I have first confirmed the status and the roles Japanese language teaching had played in theeducation system with some inspiring conclusion of the general theories of highereducation and the analyzing viewpoint and evaluation methods in the teaching process toprovide necessary ways of thoughts and guidance to the study. Then I have given anintroduction to the meaning of the research and research methods, followed by otherinformation about the study of the education history in our country and former researchdone both home and abroad concerning the language teaching in China, through which Igradually found the goals I want to reach and the breakthroughs I would like to make inthis work. In order to have a better historical sequence and to emphasize the carry on of thehistory, the lead-in has made a brief review towards language teaching of Japanese in boththe old days and the modern days. It also includes the early spreading of the teaching ofJapanese in ancient China and the preliminary development in modern days to lay theground work for the study.Volume one of the main part of the essay is a general description about thedevelopment in language teaching of Japanese which can be divided into four stages: thebeginning stage in early days after the establishment of China （1949--1966）; the voidstage during the culture revolution and the recovering stage afterwards（1966--1977）; therapid growing stage after the reform and opening-up（1977--1999）; the bounding stageunder the background of public education（1999--）. They are unfolded from seven aspects: social background and political&economic environment; the construction ofundergraduate Japanese major; the construction of graduate Japanese major; theconstruction of public Japanese education; the construction of higher vocational college;national organization and its activities; public service of Japanese majors. During thegeneral observation, I have analyzed typical cases of some colleges and compared thedifferences and commonness between them. In the social background and economic&political environment part, I explored from the aspects of domestic political campaign,economic situation, relationship with Japan, and economic trade with Japan, making clearthe outside environment of higher education of Japanese. In the next part that concerns theconstruction of Japanese major both for undergraduates and graduates, I explored fromseveral aspects as the number and scale of colleges, their curriculum, textbooks andteaching methods. In the part of the construction of public Japanese lessons, emphasis waslaid in the characteristic of the teaching of technology Japanese; the construction ofteaching materials, teaching methods that emphasizes reading and writing ability, etc.Besides, the social service part mainly concerns from aspects like books and magazines oftechnology Japanese, radio-broadcasting and Japanese teaching material on TV.Volume two is a reflection towards higher education of Japanese language on the basisof volume one, including eleven point of views as follows. The national environment andthe relationship between China and Japan interact with and influence each other. Theteaching of Japanese language always reflects the essence of education and Chinesecharacteristics. The four types of colleges have both differences and commonness incultivating talents major in Japanese. The cultivation modes of Japanese majors vary butthey are the same regarding essence. A lot of experiences in training skills have beenaccumulated during the60years. The goal of the cultivation is expert in language skilland all-round in the major field. Elite education and public education exists and showsdifferent social demands. The assessing system of professors is an important factor thatwill influence the development of the Japanese education. Major Japanese and publicJapanese have both differences and connections. A good teaching system of Japaneselanguage teaching has a positive impact on the Japanese higher education. Education ofJapanese language consists of friendly powers from Japan. Finally, there is a conclusion ofthe development path of the Japanese language education and the education ideas included in it. There is also envisages towards future development.Besides referring to famous works and historical documents, analysis of teachingmaterials used in colleges nationwide during60years, especially the early40years, andthe exploration of the teaching material writers’ ways of thinking, as well as thereappearance of the teaching condition by then were also made. In addition, byinterviewing and collecting, dictations of teaching experiences of former Japaneselanguage teachers from Beijing University, Beijing foreign studies University, BeijingInternational Studies University, Shanghai International studies University, Jilin University,Northeast Normal University and Luoyang foreign language school were also used in theessay as quotation materials. Those seven schools mentioned above have all played a veryimportant role in the development of the Japanese education in China, with a long history,profound accumulation and typical characteristics. We can say that those kinds of collegesare the main power in the development of the higher education of Japanese. It is theirexistence that leads to the developing situation today. The information collected byinterviewing has enriched the details of the essay, trying to replay the methods andbeneficial experiences gained during the early days.By reviewing the curriculum of Japanese major, the essay has considered aboutdifferent cultivation directions within the major and the compound mode mixing othermajors. By analyzing the features of the teaching methods and traditional teaching methodsof grammar and translation and the direct teaching method which was once very popular,the essay has concluded practical experiences of cultivating student’s language skills inlistening, speaking, reading, writing and translating under different backgrounds andsituations. It has also found the wisdom of teachers in creating teaching methods which hastypical local characteristics and fit the Chinese students well. By looking at the historyfrom difference angles, the essay has showed the efforts made by former educators and hasrevealed the mechanism of how the outside environment can influence the highereducation of Japanese. It has also discussed the regular pattern of the social activity ofJapanese education under various outside forces.