Research On The Movement Characteristics Among The Common Asanas Of Hatha Yoga

Objective:Discuss on the movement characteristics of common asanas of Hatha Yoga, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of yoga asanas in the national fitness and rehabilitation medicine.Method:Choose19yoga instructors for the test subjects, using the3D camera system, pressure plate and the SEMG equipment collect kinematics, dynamics and surface EMG data of6Yoga common asanas, meanwhile, assess the movement characteristics of common asanas combined with the self factors of practicers.Results:1. During static stage of asana, Mountain pose’s body angle and peak pressure of left and right side are different; compared with4standing asanas, self pressure center in Y axis displacement is greater than that of the X axis during these4asanas, expect the Chair pose; Wheel pose and Stand Back Bending pose have different range of motion in different parts of the spinal column.2. During the asana change process, the centers of pressure in Y axial displacement of Wheel pose are different during the varied stages, there are no differences in Extended Hand-Toe Pose for the index of peak pressure and center of pressure. In the same stage, Y axial displacement is larger than the X axis of the Wheel pose, there was no significant difference in Extended Hand-Toe pose. For the index of plantar districts, Wheel pose mainly use the back foot, the main difference is not significant for the Extended Hand-Toe pose. For the muscle activities, the upper limb muscles, trunk muscles and the gluteus maximus of Wheel pose’s stages are different; rectus femoris and vastus medialis group, biceps femoris of Extended Hand-Toe pose are different in each stages.3. The practicers with genu varum caused differences for heel inside and outside pressure during Mountain pose, The size of "wrist-umbilical-foot angle" has a negative correlation with the exercise years for the Wheel pose.Conclusion:1. The movement of Mountain pose, the Wind Blow Trees and Stand Back Bending are relatively single, this can be assessed by the head and the symmetry of both sides of shoulders, knees, hips and whether there is spine convolute or not; And the key point of completed quality for Chair pose depends on the proportional relationship among hip, knee and ankle joint angle during this pose.2. Poses with feet as the "roots" including the Mountain pose, Wind Blow Tree pose, Chair pose and Stand Back Bending pose, all of them are similar for right foot force, and the lateral stability of body are higher than the front rear direction; compared with the Mountain pose’s foot force, front foot of Stand Back Bending pose and back foot of Chair pose are larger, Wind Blow Tree pose has no significant change.3. The quality of movement during Wheel pose depends on the Range of motion of the spine, upper and lower limb joints, the body angle connected by the wrist, the navel and heel can be used to evaluate the quality and difficulty of the Wheel pose’s movement; In the different stages of Wheel pose, the heel mainly stress, but the utilization degree of forefoot is lower, the lateral stability of body and the upper limb muscles’mobilization performance well; So the upper limb muscles are the key muscles for the completion of Wheel pose.4. Extended Hand-Toe pose stand with single foot as a "root", a stable posture which keeps swinging leg in a different direction of the body is the main practice characteristics, it can improve the quality of movement by reducing the rate of spinal lateral flexion and rotation; The plantar districts are relatively uniform stress, the body’s stability had no significant changes in each stage and in different directions, and the body’s stability is mainly because of the musculi tibialis anterior, gluteus maximus muscle and gastrocnemius muscle etc.5. Yoga practicers’height, age and foot morphology had no significant effect on the Mountain pose’s foot pressure, while the abnormal legs can cause the inside and outside of the heel stress unevenly; Among the considered factors, the overall extension rate of Wheel pose is only related to the practicers’ training years.