Study On The Institutional Transition Of The Rural Old Age Security System

Since1990’s, China began to enter the aging society and the trend was more and moreobvious. The old age support became an important problem, which impacted on the sustainabledevelopment and the social tranquility. With the constant improvement of urbanization andindustrialization and the long term implement of Family planning, the phenomenon of thepopulation aging is particularly acute in rural areas. In such circumstances, we have toaccelerate the exploration and construction of the old age social security system in rural areas toensure the social development stability and harmony. In fact, since1949we began to try andpractice on the old age social security system of rural areas. By now, we have already built upthe rural old age social security system, which is formed with Five-guarantees, the cooperativemedical service, the system for ensuring a minimum standard of living, the old age subsidy atadvanced age, endowment insurance. The frame indicates the rural old-age security systemhaving arrived at a brand-new development stage on certain degree. But recollecting it’sdevelopment process, the construction of the rural old age social security system was notsmooth. Through failing and adjusting constantly, we finally build up the frame of the rural oldage social security system. So it is significant and necessary to retrospect historically process ofdevelopment of the rural old age security system. Through the Summary of the successes andfailures in the process, it will play an important reference and facilitating role to theimprovement and progress of the rural old age social security system.Through the six parts, the article gives a clear comb to the course of development of therural old age security system, reveals the problems profoundly, and makes a short-term designand a long-term planning.The first part studies of the historical development, the rich connotation and the socialbackground of the existence and the continuation of the traditional pension. It elaborates theeffect on the traditional social organization-the clan to the traditional pension, and points outthe adaptability of our traditional family pension with traditional rural peasant economy.The second part, the founding of new China is an important period of the change of thesocial security system. At this stage, Five-guarantees and the cooperative medical service hadbeen established. The basic framework of the rural old age security system was built up. Butthe rural old age security basing on the collective community team was beyond of the level of socio-economic development and contrary to the basic laws of social development. To causethe result of the low level of rural old age security this period. This rural old age securityshowed a distinct characteristic to maintain basic life safety.The third part, the reform and opening up made our society, polity, economy, and cultureinto a fast-changing and complex period of transition. Affected by this, the rural old age socialsecurity system explored a short term repeated and stagnation. But the land, family protectionstill meets the low demand of the rural old-age in this period. This rural old age security thisperiod showed the characteristics of subsistence.The fourth part, with the positioning and establishment of China’s market economy, thecontradiction became more and more prominent between the pension demand and theinsufficient supply of the rural old-age. The single-family security, self-protection, communitysecurity can no longer meet the needs of social development. The rural old age social securitysystem began to enter the stage of the active exploration.The fifth part, through the analysis on the development process of the rural old agesecurity system after the founding of new China,the article summaries up the characteristics ofevery stage and the overall trend. And by the theory of institutional change, it explores andexplains the underlying reasons. On this basis of the results of social survey, complying withthe law of its development, the article concepts and designs a safe model of the recent socialsecurity system rationally and realistically. And it plans a long-term goal to properly solve theproblems of the rural old age security before the arrival of the aging peak, and to maintain thelong-term stability and the rapid development of rural society.The sixth part, the establishment and improvement of the social security system is theresult of various factors. Its effective operation is inseparable from the progress andcoordination of all aspects of society. At the same time, the gradual improvement of the ruralold age social security system will also bring tremendous and profound impact to our society,especially rural areas.