Research On The Governance System Of Resratch Misconduct In European And American Countries

This study is intended to do a systematical research on the governance system of research misconduct in european and american countries, This is an important foundation work for the construction of the governance system of our country. As is known to everyone, with the cases of research misconduct gradually happened in different countries since1970s, it has become an agreement among the government departments and the scientific community that to control and restrict research misconduct from an institutional level. Some western countries foreran by USA start to establish managing institutions, and promulgate policies and decrees to resolve the research misconduct. After nearly three decades of development, now it has established a comprehensive governance system which centralizes on the investigation and handling procedures of the research misconduct, also including the definition and the prevention and disclosure system. This system is now playing more and more important role in coping with research misconduct and advocating research integrity. Studying these different countries’governance system of the research misconduct is not only beneficial to understand the different scientific research environment and effective practices more comprehensively, thereby we get a fairly comprehensive cognition, but also has significant theoretical value and helpful inspiration for our country’s research misconduct governance system construction.On the basis of summarizing the development history of the research misconduct in european and american countries, this research analyses the different governance models typologically, and also do an elaborate study on the most important element of the governance system------the definition of the research misconduct, the construction of investigation procedures and prevention system,etc. The research shows that, because of the obvious differences between the academic traditions and political background, the governance model has gradually formed in two types during the practices-----one type is Government-oriented, another one is Research Institution-oriented, and the differences between these two models also have apparent effects on the definition of the research misconduct and the investigation and treatment. Besides, the informer excitation and protection mechanism and good scientific practice education mechanism have been gradually becoming the significant component of the governance system of research misconduct. To give a definition of the research misconduct to ensure clear cognition of the scientific researchers about these behavior, to construct the prevention and disclosure system in order to promote the precaution and disclosure of the research misconduct, and to optimize investigation and handling procedures for sake of placing proper penalty for unacceptable research conduct. The general framework of the governance system of research misconduct has been established through the integration of these four levels.China has carried out explorations on research misconduct since the beginning of the21st century. In the future, if only we actively use other countries’experience in the controlling of research misconduct for reference, establishing mechanisms for investigation, prevention and disclosure etc., can we gradually achieve the long-time goal of decreasing the amount of research misconduct, reinforcing the integrity consciousness and the levels of academic moral and research ethics.