Governance Over Scientific Misconduct In Japan And Its Enlightenment

Scientific misconduct begins with the free and honest activities that scientists explore the truth,also peer review as the corn of the scientific evaluation system plays the role of scientific ‘police' with the function of self-purification.But with the changes of the social environment and the scientific system of various countries,some of the scientists who have been identified as “noble” scientific workers deviated from seeking the truth of science and strayed into the wrong scientific misconduct.Nowadays,scientific misconduct has become a universal phenomenon in the scientific misconduct circles.Therefore,actively discover and solve this problem became the aim of common efforts from the whole science community.The real social welfare for the public only can be created with the healthy development of science industry.First,clarify relevant concepts from a conceptual point of view.Scientific misconduct refers to the fabrication,falsification,plagiarism,also includes other acts in violation of scientific norms and systems,and focuses on the abuse of academic corruption of public power,the illegal behavior is determined by the degree of serious research misconduct evolved.Japan defines the concept of scientific misconduct,referring to the official documents of the United States,which are similar and different between the two countries.In the United States,scientific research has been carried out consistently,while Japan focuses on monitoring the results of scientific research.However,the two sides agree on the definition of "intentional".Secondly,in Japan in recent years,frequent causes of scientific misconduct are summarized,can be broadly classified as: national policy reform has great impact on the construction of the national scientific research institutions,universities and research institutions of Independent Administrative Corporation,the implementation of appointment system,changes in the form of scientific research funds,only papers and research funding of research evaluation system was first and the strict control of the examination system,and the international standard of scientific misconduct is not uniform and so on.In order to improve the status quo of scientific research misconduct,the Japanese government,universities and research institutions and academic organizations have issued detailed and detailed countermeasures and established a relatively complete governance mechanism from top to bottom.As the overall sector governance of scientific misconduct the Japanese Ministry of Education promulgated the "guidelines" on the corresponding research misconduct of the revised edition in August 2014.Among them,the main responsibility for the governance of scientific research misconduct in Colleges and universities,and provides for the handling ofscientific misconduct procedures,in particular,to report,investigate,refuse to appeal and publish findings and other procedures are described in detail.In addition,it is very important that most of the scientific research institutions and the allocation organs of scientific research funds have announced the punishment standards.Thirdly,the governance mechanism of Japan's scientific misconduct has both advantages and disadvantages.The advantages include relatively perfect governance governance mechanism;improve the execution details of terms;the popularity of scientific moral education caused by the high rate;to reform the fusion problem with strong elastic response mechanism.But the disadvantage is its flexibility in the rectification process still conflict with some questionable system;production and conflict of interest lack of transparency;lack of independent third party investigation mechanism;protection mechanism of informants is not perfect.Finally,through the analysis of the multi angle,Japan's scientific misconduct system construction brings four enlightenments to our country: we should regain the respect of the scientific spirit,scientific research organizations play the main responsibility,rational view of the peer review mechanism,establish a reasonable evaluation system of scientific research.