| Income distribution is a very important part of human social production. Income distribution is not only able to adjust the fundamental basis of human society but also improve labor productivity. In The all kinds of relations of human society, Interest is a very important relationship. Economic interests are the core of the relations between various interests. The nature of the harmonious society is economic interest’s harmony which we are advocating. The harmony of economic interests is inseparable from the distribution of income. Therefore, the distribution of income and the income gap is not only important issues of political economy, but also an important issue in the Western Economics. Reasonable distribution of income is the objective requirements of the whole social development, adjusting the unreasonable distribution of income is one of the important economic functions of all levels of government.Since the mid-1960s, most of the world income gap began to slowly expand. Now, some of the national income Gini coefficient has been very large, has reached0.6to0.7. Income Gini coefficient of individual countries has more than0.7. Far more than the income determined on the international warning line of0.4. After30years of reform and exploration, China has got brilliant achievements of the world’s economic development, its economy ranked second in the world; Per capita GDP has reached the level of medium-sized countries. At the same time.we got a lot of economic and social problems, such as The income gap is too large, resource over-exploitation, More serious environmental pollution and a series of problems. Analysis from philosophical views, The development process of any thing can not be plain sailing. Conditions of our nation varies greatly, therefore, during the full process of socialist construction, it is bound to encounter various difficulties and setbacks. Only on the base of full research, careful analysis, existing law.can we make the correct income distribution line, principles and policies. This article collected and study home and abroad income distribution, a large number of income distribution literature, combined with China’s actual status and statistics, Use of statistical knowledge and knowledge of econometric this article measureThe income gap among China’s urban residents, rural residents’, income gap between urban and rural residents, industry. From the degree of monopoly, technological advances, investment in fixed assets of the industry, this article research the income gapFrom financial development, this article research the urban-rural income gap, in the financial adjusting income gap. Focus on moderating effect of the income gap.from tax, social insurance, social security, based on the findings put forward appropriate policy recommendations. The main research work and conclusions are as follows:1. based on the method of the previous measuring income gap and income polarization index method, author Build a new measurement of income polarization index WL, Use of equal index d, polarization Index WL, Gini coefficient, measured income gap of China’s urban residents, rural residents, urban and rural residents, and part of the country’s income inequality draw some conclusions:first equal index d, gini coefficient can reflect income gap. Second the differentiation of the widening income gap and income levels are two different concepts. They are different but related, The income gap reflects the discrete income distribution of a group of people, It emphasizes the individual and the average deviation from the overall mean, Income polarization is reflected in income between the two groups against the degree.The widening income gap does not necessarily caused by the polarization of incomes, Income increased polarization not set means that the widening income gap. Third froml989to2005, the income gap of urban residents in China was constantly increasing, since2006, income gap is narrowing a little. Overall, the income gap between urban residents,is serious there is no income ideal shape " o ". Fourth, from2002to2010; rural resident’s great disparities in income have been slow to expand. Income polarization did not continue to worsen. Fifth our native income gap is0.45-0.5,.IT is larger than before, It is not too great in the world. But the income gap is expanding very fast. This phenomenon is worthy of the Government attaches importance to.2. Article researched relation between income gap, and industry monopoly technological advances, fixed assets investment among11industries, draw several conclusions first, Theil index is more appropriate to measure industry-income-gap, it is better to measure income gap with several methods and will get a realistic results. The ratio of employees of state-owned units and the total number of employees reflect the absolute monopoly of the industry. The ratio of Absolute monopoly and social average degree of monopoly said the Relative degree of monopoly, found that the absolute monopoly of all sectors in China are on the decline, But the rate of decline is different. The industry which has Relative high degree of monopoly, the relative rate of technological progress, relatively fixed asset investment bigger is the high income industries.third Using of the cross section weighted study found that:The relative degree of monopoly, the relative rate of technological progress and relative investment in fixed assets have different effects on industry income we should analyses it respectively.3. The income gap between urban and rural residents is the largest income gap in china, Therefore, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents has important practical significance one of An important factor which affect the urban-rural income gap is financial development Using non-linear model and ECM model research and find five points, first China’s interest rate and the income gap of urban-rural-property shows that:It Does not exist a flow of wealth from high income earners to low-income along Agihon and Bolton-or Matsuyama type "trickle effect".second China’s financial development is a complex concept, Article use the financial development depth JR1, financial development width JR2, financial efficiency JR3to reflect the financial development, third Financial development and urban-rural income gap incomplete exist the inverted "U" relationship, the relation between Financial development and the income gap is not rigid, Overall financial development expand the income gap between urban and rural residents fourth, Government revenue-GDP ratio increased and caused the "demonstration effect". Fifth, in the current income distribution system, basic conditions of the existing structure of the three industries, the degree of urbanizationIncome distribution pattern of the expansion of urban-rural income gap function is much larger than narrow the income gap.4. Analysis tax, social security, social insurance to adjust the income gap with Regression model, and Compared with the same kind foreign countries.We get five opinions, first my taxes are not perfect, and there is no inheritance tax, gift tax, property tax, such as inhibition of high-income taxes. Second Personal income tax rate of7is more complicated, is not conducive to levy, Personal income tax threshold is unreasonable, Before1994,personal income tax threshold is set too high, After the2000personal income tax threshold is set too low. Lack of effective supervision of high-income earners tax evasion, this leads the middle-income individual income tax to be the main body of Taxpayer. Third after2007, Increasing personal income tax threshold cause the effect of income tax adjustment of income gap. Fourth, the overall the tax burden on enterprises is heavy; the tax burden on medium and small enterprises is heavier. The tax burden on state-owned enterprises is light. Fifth VAT is relatively large impact on the income gap of urban and rural residents; China has a repeat value-added tax. sixth, China’s basic insurance, social security, agriculture expenditures affect the income gap between urban and rural residents, the health insurance gap is too large, and enlarge the urban-rural income gap. Social security expenditure, expenditure for supporting agriculture, is narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents. |
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