Study On The Macro-location

With the continued development of economic globalization and regional economic integration, the world economic structure is constantly changing. National competitiveness increasingly becomes the outstanding problems of the economic strength of a country’s position in the world pattern and voice. International exploration on how to quickly improve the country’s competitiveness never stopped. Well, in the regional economy, how to adapt to this situation, to take the advantage of location and to make the full use of space resources are at the forefront of the regional theoretical discussion topics.Location is the carrier of the production and life, and the spatial orientation of the existence and development of the economy and society. Due to the geographical environment in which between different location, there are a variety of differences in resource endowments, population supply, social and historical continuity, etc., location causes different input and output level of regional economic development. Under the conditions of a market economy, the rational economic body from the goal of profit maximization starting full comparison of land prices, premium freight, market, convenience and other economic location factors, to elect suitable location for production and daily life, which is the general content of the location theory study. Location theory which developed from classical location theory to neoclassical location theory, has changed its study view from a micro perspective to a macro perspective, location theory is changing from the micro-location theory to the macro-location theory. Micro-location theory starting from the established impact on the corporate location choice puts the location factors in the corporation cost-benefit framework analysis. It belongs to the partial equilibrium analysis which has an important theoretical guidance of the enterprise production site choice. There has been a lot of research in this area at home and abroad. However, macro-location theory links the location factors to the regional and even national or international socio-economic factors which observe the regional advantages, disadvantages, and location factors acting condition. Research at home and abroad is a continuation of the enterprise production project site which extended its perspective on location factors from microscopic to macroscopic; it is closely related with the trends of economic globalization and regional integration. The economic connectivity between enterprises has been developed to an unprecedented height, not just from the government rent, freight and other location factors which directly impact on the cost of production to consider their location options, and more from a variety of socio-economic factors on the location factors and the market state to consider the location choice, so that the location factor research angle from the micro to the macro, then the study location factor analysis, cost-effective enterprise space location in economics is to adopt the general equilibrium analysis. At the same time, the modern countries have stepped out of the classical economics of the socio-economic status in which the government (local and central) are completely uninvolved in the allocation of resources. Governments have policy guidance on the use of spatial location, endowments and productivity from the resources of the whole country departure, spatial layout resource utilization and regional planning. This policy action in this area layout and planning which is from the whole market point of view of location factors affect the social costs and benefits of the region which needs to observe the location factors from the micro to the macro point of view. This need should be satisfied through the development of the macro-location perspective; however, the current economic analysis of this is very weak. Based on this need, through seven chapters, along with the logic order which starts from the location and its economic role to the location of the microeconomic perspective, to the location of the macro view, to the location of the government’s macro-perspective, this paper analyses the basic idea of the macro-location theory and its policy implications, and strives to achieve the innovation of location theory and its application to provide a theoretical basis for the development of regional planning and distribution of productive forces. Through the analysis of location factors, this paper makes the generally believed micro-location factors become macro, and innovatively puts forward the macro-location factors which make the change become true. Corresponding with the micro location theory of government rent, freight, market, this paper put foreword three important macro-location factors of the macro differential rent, the regional transport conditions, regional trade. Based on the analysis of the macro-location factors, this paper summarizes the macro-location theory. According to this theory, this paper comparatively analyses the different areas of the macro-location factor, clears the advantages and disadvantages of its location, facilitates the nationwide regional planning and distribution of productive forces.From the founding of our country to the present, the regional planning and distribution of productive forces have developed from the planning deployment to the market allocation of resources. Although since the beginning of the reform and opening-up, government has used a large number of regional economic policies in practice, for example, to determine the four major economic zones and the fifteen open coastal central cities, western development and the revitalization of the northeast region, to approve more than a dozen regional economic development strategy which have raised to the national strategy level, the guidance of the basic theory of regional planning and distribution of productive forces and economic analysis is still relatively weak. Regional planning theory which is from the center ground theoretical basis for derivative showing the layout of the theory lacks a single regional nature of the study and comparison. Therefore there is a need of a theory which starts from the location factor analysis to make up for lack of our regional planning theory. Meanwhile, the micro-location theory which analyses on the partial equilibrium analysis method mainly guides businesses, residents and the main micro site layout, businesses or individuals in the pursuit of economic benefits or utility maximization under the choice of location, will lead to the center-peripheral regions which produces generation of urban slums, causes the income gap between the region and the imbalance in regional development and sustainable development, results in the homeland destruction. For this reason, from the integration of economic, social and environmental point of view, to make the micro-location factor macro will avoid microscopic perspective space negative effects.The architecture of this paper:Chapter one is the introduction, which analyses the framework of domestic and international socio-economic background of the topics of study and thesis research, methods and innovation, and proposes the macro-location study is the basic proposition of the regional economic theory forefront; Chapter two is the literature overview, through reading the classic writer’s monographs and journal articles, this chapter combs the basic definition and development process of the location theory and the location factors selection theory, also analyses the theory process of the theory according to the need of the enterprise production site and living location, notes that the development of economic globalization and regional integration perspective on location factors in the shift from the micro to the macro, however, the macro view of location theory has just been proposed which have not formed a systematic theory; On the basis of analysis of the location and the basic connotation, chapter three sums up the role of the microscopic location on practical guidance; points out the basis of enterprises and residents to layout location through the perspective of micro-location factors, such as rent, freight, market, convenience. In a market economy, this choice behavior leads to the core and the edge of the area, space cumulative social effects of causal effect and unbalanced regional development space, these effects both play a role in the development of the socio-economic, and certain development limitations; Chapter four is the general of macro-location which is the focus of this paper. After revealing the nature of micro-location and the developing process to the macro-location, this chapter analyses the public property and the macro sense of location; definite the concept of macro-location, establish the formula of macro-location. Through analyses the relationship of the macro-location factors and location advantages and the macro-location factors structure and theory, this chapter explains the nature of the macro location. For the micro individual, location is the production or living space, however, for the government it is the social production or living space which is the object of the regional planning. Microeconomic subjects from their own profit or utility maximization starting to choose the location, and the government is from the social gains maximize starting to choose the location of these micro-district-bit theory are no conduct research, the limitations of the basic reasons of the traditional location theory. Through making the micro-location factors macro, this chapter makes an innovation. Chapter five analyses our nation’s location choice and productivity layout; Reviews and evaluates the history of our location selection and productivity layout; comparatively analyses the planning solution and market solution under the centralized system and market economy system; summarizes the perspective of macro-location factors and its layout principles; and finally through the principal component analysis, discusses our nation’s macro-location advantages and potential economy strength; Chapter six is the comparative analysis of the macro area location theory and productivity space distribution mode. It discusses the United States and Japan’s location productivity layout which represents as "national layout "and" metropolitan area" mode. As a reference, the distribution of productive forces in China’s regional economic development should be a combination of nationwide layout and urbanized area allocation of resources which are based on the macro-location features. Chapter seven describes the policy implications of the macro-location theory; discusses the meaning of the macro-location policy, content and tools; analyses the policy implications of the macro-location theory which includes location planning, location policy and location factor policy.As a big developing country with a large population, China’s geography is gradually emerging to a crowded space and the rich resources tend to lack. Low efficiency and use affect the sustainability of development. With the development of market economy, the overall economic strength is continuously accumulated and steadily enhanced. Our nation is changing from a big economic country to a powerful economic country step-by-step. However, our current number per capita in the world rankings stays behind. There is a need of a more integrated perspective discuss of resources, especially the effective use of space resources. Therefore, to realize the macro of micro-location factors has important resources allocation significance.In the process of modernization, our country needs a more rational allocation of resources which needs the full guiding role of the government on the basis of the market mechanism. The effectiveness of government policy benefits from the development of policies supporting theory. Macro-location theory which is on the basis of the micro-location theory enhances the social and public welfare of the people perspective to observe the location factors, and thus be able to develop a high-quality regional planning and productivity layout policies which include specific functional areas use policy, macro policy of differential rent policy, traffic location, coastal and inland development policies, the policies of the rich resource area and rich technical area, urban and rural policy, regional policy of urbanization and land-use policies, labor regional market policy and capital location policy, which will make the location factors serve our country’s social and economic development better.