Empirical Study Of Rural Households’ Production Behavior And Efficiency In Jilin Province

As we all know, Food is very important for human being. For a populous country like China, Food security is very significant. From the demand point of view, with the population growth and the adjustment of people’s diet, the demand for food will be increasing; from the supply side, the increase in food production mainly depends on two aspects:First, the increase in inputs will bring increased food production; Second, Improve production efficiency will bring increase in production. Inputs for food production can be divided into land, labor and capital, with the reduction of arable land, environmental deterioration has occurred, an increase in land investment to achieve growth in food production is becoming increasingly difficult. There is an optimal ratio between the scale of labor input and land, and between the scale of capital investment and land, Lack or excessive of Labor input or capital investment will affect the optimal output of the land, so, to increase food production by increasing the factor inputs is not sustainable, sustainable increase in food production is to increase food production efficiency, Food production efficiency can effectively reflect the relationship of inputs and outputs of the food production process. Improve the efficiency of food production has two advantages:First, the same amount of factor inputs can lead to increased output; second, the same amount of output with fewer inputs required. This not only avoids the unnecessary waste, but also to avoid too much of inputs caused by environmental pollution. Therefore, to improve the efficiency of food production is very important for increasing food production. The overall efficiency of food production depends on every household food production inputs, the result of technology selection; therefore, the common behavioral and Production efficiency of Peasant household impact on our food supply level, and supply capacity.This study takes maize producing household of Jilin Province for example, from the perspective of food security, Based on existing statistical data and field survey data, explore the behavior of farmers in food production and efficiency change trends in food production, reveal the intrinsic mechanism of Peasant household grain production behavior. Analyzed of farmer’s grain production efficiency of different regions, different types, to provide theoretical basis and empirical support for the establishment of the national food safety strategy and long-term mechanism of grain production.This article is divided into seven chapters, the main contents and conclusions are as follows:The first chapter is introduction. First introduced the topic of this article basis, relevant theory, involves the concept as well as the research object, and then based on the research goals, reviewing the existing literature review, and determine the basic contents of the study according to the target, selection method based on the content, and describe the specific technical route, finally introduces the possible innovation.The second chapter introduces grain production condition and corn production in Jilin province. The article takes corn farmers of Jilin province as an example to analysis the behavior and efficiency of grain production farmer, In order to better understand the behavior of peasant household corn production, it is necessary to introduce grain production condition and corn production in Jilin province. Thus this chapter focuses on introducing the grain production condition of Jilin Province, the climate conditions of water resources, land resources, food production infrastructure and favorable policies in Jilin province. Then introduce corn main producing areas of Jilin province and the comparative advantage of maize Production.The third chapter analyzes household behavior of labor input. This chapter begins by analyzing the changes over time behavior of labor inputs of household. The results show that labor input of corn farmers fluctuated over time, a downward trend, This trend is due to agricultural science and technology progress. Second, comparing the mean labor input of household from different areas, we found labor input of advantages and sub-dominant areas are much more than disadvantage areas. And labor input of households from the advantages and sub-dominant area decreased faster, labor input of household from disadvantage areas change little. Then, Analysis of the differences of corn production labor input, the results show that the difference of labor input is mainly reflected in the farmers’fertilization, field management and harvesting stage. Finally analysis on the influence factors of labor input by using the multiple linear regression models, the result shows marital status, household education level, corn planting area, farming plots, corn income proportion, whether to have large agricultural machinery and implement has a significant influence on farmer’s production labor input.The fourth chapter analyses household investment behavior. This chapter begins by analyzing the changes over time behavior of investment of household. The results show that according to the current prices of Jilin province farmer substance and service investment per mu showed a "N" shape change trend, the main reason of this trend is change of price index of agricultural means of production. In accordance with the comparable price calculation of substance and service investment per mu fluctuate upward trend; the main reason for fluctuations is the change of farmer enthusiasm. Second, comparing the mean investment of household from different areas, the households’capital investment from the advantages and sub-dominant area is more than disadvantage area. Then, Analysis of the differences of corn production investment by survey data, the results show that the difference of variable capital investment is mainly reflected in the farmers’ fertilizer costs and leasing operation fee. Finally, analysis of production investment Influence factors of household by using econometric model, we found household education level, number of labor force, the proportion of non-agricultural employment, corn planting area, transfer of land, whether lending, corn price expectations, disaster expected has a significant effect on variable capital investment of maize production; householder education level, number of labor force, the proportion of non-agricultural employment, corn planting area, total family income, transfer of land, corn price expectations, productive fixed assets has a significant influence on fixed capital investment of corn production. The fifth chapter analysises on technology choice and demand behavior of household in Jilin province corn production. First, defining the concept of agricultural production technology, and agricultural production technology is divided into production technology, production services technical and physical and chemical technology. Then analysis present situation of farmers’technology choice. Finally, analyze the influencing factors of farmer technology needs by using the multivariate logit regression models. The results show that, the income of the farmers, non-agricultural income and the proportion of the area of cultivated land per capita has significant influence on farmers corn production technology needs. The sixth chapter analysis household corn production efficiency of Jilin province. The first use of Malmquist index method to calculate the total factor productivity of household, The results show, the last century90’s, peasant household corn total factor productivity of Jilin province overall upward trend, the total factor productivity growth basically relies on technical progress, technical efficiency change restricting in total factor productivity. Then calculating household production technical efficiency by using DEA model, the result shows the mean of corn production technology efficiency is0.803, large room for improvement, there are three input redundancy, need to adjust. There is significant difference among the mean production efficiency of different income structure households, the group of household that commissariat incomes accounted for total income higher has higher technology efficiency mean. Finally, analyze the influencing factors of farmers’technical efficiency by using the Tobit model, the result shows household education level, corn planting area, large and medium-sized agricultural machinery, farming land, labor force, the proportion of non-agriculture income has significant influence on corn production technical efficiency of rural household.The seventh chapter is the conclusion and policies suggest part. In summary above, this paper puts forward the following proposal:1.keep the advantage area and sub-dominant areas household grain enthusiasm, through infrastructure construction, transformation of low-yield fields and other measures to improve the disadvantage area agriculture produces condition, improve grain production enthusiasm of household from advantage area;2.In order to enlarge the household land operation, we should encourage rural surplus labor reasonable flow, simulative household commissariat production scale efficiency;3.to strengthen the education and training of households, increasing farmers’ scientific and cultural quality and the decision-making ability, simulative household to optimize its production investment behavior, raise farmer production efficiency;4.According to the farmer’s technology demand, research and development of new agricultural technology, and improve the current farming ability promotion mechanism;5.training a number of professional grain production household, the grain production of their behavior play an exemplary role, and enhance the grain production efficiency.