A Study On Chambers Of Commerce In Modern Northeast China (1903-1931)

The chamber of commerce is a product of the development of modern capitalistindustry, it has especially structure and function, a strong impetus to thedevelopment of commercial.Since the modern times, China’s powers of oppression in politics and economy,military, loss of a large number of rights. However, powers also brought advancedtechnology, ideas and institutions, one of the by-products of the chamber ofcommerce is invaded china. The chamber of Commerce in China without, there is alot of existed since medieval guilds, merchants, trade associations and othercommercial organizations, these organizations play a positive role in old age forbusiness, development. However, with China’s door open, China’s economy will takeplace a series of changes, in business is the commodity economy prosperity. Westerncountries signed the treaty in China after the end of the war, as the most importantsector is not cede territory, claims, but trade. This prompted the advanced Chinesepeople began to think about business, contributed to the development of themercantile thought. The Qing government, the serious economic crisis after theOpium War, in this case, stereotypes can not adhere to the scholar, farmer, artisanand merchant order, pay attention to the role of business.Under this background, the late Qing Dynasty inherited and developed thehundred days of reform of economic policies, the establishment of the Ministry ofCommerce, issued a decree, the establishment of the chamber of commerce.Because the Qing government prohibition policy, large-scale development is late in Northeast china. But since the mid-Qing since, due to the Central Plainsregion due to population increase the survival pressure, coupled with repeateddrought famine forced eruption, large population migration to the northeast. TheNortheast Local Government considered for their own interests, but also forimmigrants to enter the customs endorsement. The migration of a large number ofentry, directly lead to a large number of land reclamation, the crop yield increaseprompted the prosperity of commercial economy. The northeast by treaty and theway to set up dozens of ports, brought new technology, management philosophy forthe Northeast commercial development. These have laid the foundation for theestablishment of the Northeast Area Chamber of commerce.The establishment of northeast area chamber of Commerce, marks theNortheast business into a new era.Compared to the traditional business organization, chamber of commercesystem more standardized, including the prime minister, director, director, secretary,have fixed office place their. It includes businesses no longer to native place,industry boundaries, but covers all the region to join the chamber of commercebusiness, so it has more broadly representative. It follows the Ministry of businesslaw elections, has certain democracy. The chamber has the independent financialsystem, the source of funding to the business, its spending clearly documented, andaccept the inquiry, has transparency.The Northeast Area Chamber of Commerce to protect business interests,promote business for the purpose of their daily activities, the most is the regulationof commercial disputes, to encourage commercial development, support strugglingbusinesses. Not only that, the chamber of commerce also maintained close contactwith the government, departments to accept--(agricultural) Supervision Bureau ofCommerce and industry, and other government departments to maintain good relations.Northeast China in modern times to face a series of political, social crisis, thechamber of Commerce in response to the crisis, which showed his sense of socialresponsibility. The chamber of commerce actively participate in public welfareactivities, in the aspect of social relief, chamber of Commerce relief to victims, tohelp the poor. Public construction, construction of roads and bridges, theestablishment of schools.The modern northeast area public security environment is poor, the frequent,serious harm to public order and safety, but also to the business property, personalsafety crisis. In this grim situation, the chamber of Commerce to set up businessgroup financing, resist bandit, make the social security has been improved, effectiveprotection of the interests of business, but also to protect the general public regionalsecurity.In short, in the modern Northeast China Chamber of Commerce in its historicalperiod, through its own continuous improvement, enterprising, overcome all sorts ofcrisis, to strain every nerve to the local business, has made the indelible contributionfor the development of the northeast economy, social stability.