A Research On Measure Of Residents Income Inequality, Influencing Factors And Economic Effect

The problem of residents’ income distribution is the major issues relating to thecountry’s economic, social development and people’s living. Modest income gap canpromote economic growth, to promote the enthusiasm of the people to participate insocial and economic activities, while inappropriate or excessive income gap willhinder economic development, at the same time, the unfairness of the incomedistribution will also bring other social problems that affect social stability andharmony. The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to theestablishment of a fair and effective allocation, a socialist harmonious society musthave an effective distribution system both fair and efficient. For this reason, manyeconomists and researchers also carried out related research. Measure of residents’income gap and economic effects in the background and environment, a total of sixchapters, and the first chapter is the Introduction; Chapter two is the theoretical basisof the research of the residents’ income gap; Chapter three is measure of residents’income gap; Chapter four is evolution of the current situation of the residents’ incomegap in China and its influencing factors; Chapter five is coupling effect analysis ofresidents’ income gap and consumption in China; Chapter six is summary and researchprospects. The following is the main content of each chapter specifically addressed.The first chapter is the introduction, the significance of the brief researchbackground, research status at home and abroad, the main research ideas and methodsto study the contents of the key and difficult. Income distribution is not onlyeconomic issues, but also social issues, and how to effectively control the trend ofwidening income gap is thinking about national stability and development of the largetiming should focus on the problem. Further explore the reasons for the formation ofresidents ’income gap, on the basis of study of residents’ income gap, the influencingfactors for narrowing the income gap is significant. Rich study residents’ income gapbetween the number of domestic and foreign literature, mainly in two aspects,Measurement Methods for the income gap, the research for the development andimpact factors in the evolution of the income gap, respectively, to guide thequantitative methods the development of two research directions and policyrecommendations. The ideas and methods of this research, the limitations of the Ginicoefficient, proposed a more perfect and reasonable income gap metrics; This method is based on the study the causes and influencing factors of the income gap, the gapfrom the gap between urban and rural areas, regions, four angles of the trade gap andthe gender gap measure and empirical analysis, led him to study the economic effectsof the income gap; then, respectively, for each type of gap, given the correspondingpolicy recommendations to close the gap. Research ideas, to seek to narrow theincome gap, promote economic growth "as the goal, follow the theoretical foundation-Method-Empirical Analysis-Policy Recommendations" research paradigm andstrive to embody the theory with practice and theoretical research services foreconomic development subject. By qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis,theory and Empirical Analysis, Situation Analysis of historical comparison, to studythe current situation of Chinese residents’ income gap and economic effects, findingthe appropriate policy recommendations to narrow the income gap.The second chapter is the theoretical basis of the residents’ income gap betweenresearch, theory and development of residents’ income distribution, the residentsincome flows theory, convergence theory of residents’ income gap. Resident incomedistribution theory is a very important one, and the production and development,efficiency and fairness in the entire economic theory have an important contact. Bothlabor income and non-labor income, the functional distribution of income or the scaleof the income distribution, are closely related to the production and living of residents,and the socio-economic development of the slightest interlocking. From Westernclassical school of Adam Smith’s three class theory of income distribution, to theRicardian three class allocation model, to the neoclassical theory of incomedistribution and the Keynesians, as well as new distribution theory of the Cambridgeschool, whether it is based on the elements of the distribution of the residual valuedivided; economic growth, national income allocation decisions still around to discusseconomic theory of income distribution, which reflects a market-based developmentof the traditional theory of income distribution."Income equalization" from welfareeconomics theory of distribution, to development economics Kuznets invertedU-shaped theory, to focus on the endogenous theory of income distribution in theconduction mechanism of the pattern of income distribution, which is the theory ofincome distribution development has led multi-disciplinary a refined fusion as well asa wealth of process and reflect market regulation based on macroeco nomic regulationand control of the state-led development of the contemporary theory of incomedistribution. About the importance of the theory of income distribution, after an ah aprolonged multi-phase development of the accreditation process. Study resi dents’ income gap and related issues, the theoretical foundation is solid and mature, theresearch is based on reliable and honest, the research is rich and diverse, uniqueresearch perspective, the research on the basis of these theories is trusted.The third chapter is a measure of residents’ income gap is an importantcomponent of the contents of this article. Both summarized in the summary of theexisting methods, there are instructions for building the new method; refinement ofboth the advantages of various methods elaborated, there are some shortcomings orerrors commentary improvement; existing income disparities and unfair the measurefocus research, but also on other relevant measure indicators integrated use of anddescription. In short, this chapter of Measurement of more comprehensive rich, tostrive informative fresh perspective. The income gap measure most commonly used isthe Gini coefficient, Gini coefficient is mainly concentrated in the calculation methodand the decomposition of Theil index decomposition, has the greater advantage ofcompletely decomposed. For the improvement of the Gini coefficient, on the one hand,is based on the Gini coefficient line average growth points and were the advantages ofthe concept of a common measure; the other hand, to improve the Gini coefficient, topropose amendments weighted Gini coefficient, the single parameters Gini coefficient(S Gini coefficient), the generalized Gini Coefficient (E Gini coefficient) partiallyimproved indicators. In addition to the Gini coefficient, a measure income gap thereare many other important indicators, such as entropy index method, Atkinson index,coefficient of variation, the GPI. In addition, revenue is not a fair measure otherindicators related to the FGT index, Sen index, Kakwani index (measure ofunfairness), various indicators of their focus and field of application range, accurateknowledge of their nature, according the stage the situation appropriately selectedindicators comprehensive measure.The fourth chapter is the evolution of the current situation of the residents’income gap in China and its influencing factors, respectively, from the aspects of thegap between urban and rural areas, regional disparities, trade gap, and the gender gap,and made a number of different types of residents’ income gap increase revenueandbridging the gap between policy recommendations. Analyzes the influencingfactors of the income gap between the urban and rural residents in China, China’surban and rural residents’ income and rural population accounts for the country thanthe natural population growth rate and the proportion of primary industry negativelycorrelated, to improve the overall income situation of urban and rural residents,narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas should reduce the rural population ratio and population control, while reducing the proportion of the primaryindustry in the national economy. Drawn through a series of indicators positivelycorrelated with the residents’ income analysis at the same time, you want to rely onlow technology and high labor intensity of agriculture gradually converted into ahigh-tech low labor intensity of agriculture, and the industrialization of agriculture, inwhich the technology enables intelligent automation of agriculture from traditionalforms gradually transferred to the second and third industries, while promoting thedevelopment of industry and technology, to improve the second and the proportion oftertiary industry. The method proposed to narrow the gap between urban and ruralareas can be attributed to promote rural and agricultural development, strengthenagricultural modernization, industrialization, and to reduce the share of agriculture inthe national economy, and promote the development of rural urbanization up.To reduce the regional disparities should increase investment in social welfareand security, establish and improve residents’ health insurance, pension insurance,basic social security system, the expansion of social welfare benefit si de; same timethe development of education, increase investment in education, to ensure that theresidents in the depth and breadth of education; to increase social investment in fixedassets and reproduction, speed up economic construction and development, keeping inmind the protection of the ecological environment and eco-industrial inputs, payattention to the harmony between man and nature, as economiclay a solid ecologicalbasis for the long-term and stable development; vigorously develop the tertiaryindustry, to increase the proportion of tertiary industry in the national economy;addition, to provide more employment opportunities, and reduce the residentunemployment rate, to reduce residents’ incomeregional disparities provide morepossibilities.To narrow the income gap of Chinese residents industries, should be in thefollowing aspects: First, the money is economies of scale, increasing the number ofabove-scale projects; emphasis on investment in fixed assets of the various industries,the balance between industries possession of funds and resources; break the monopoly,increased competition, driven by competition and development, and to inject freshblood into the low-income sectors of fully competitive and has been for some time;attention to the education and training of human capital in various industries, not onlyis the school education, pre-employment including job skills training and jobguidance, instead of working time efficiency, strive for the transformation of thelabor-intensive to technology-intensive and capital-intensive. Narrow the gender pay gap for our residents income gender gap, and relatedindustry, age, education, and other influencing factors, from the following aspects:First, strengthen income security retirement age of women to break the men andwomen in terms of agedifferent treatment discrimination; but to strengthen education,especially to enhance women’s educational background, so that it can get moreopportunities to increase revenue; enterprises of different ownersh ip, must ensurefairness, especially in the private ownership of firms "the phenomenon of the glassceiling "should be avoided, so that women can get a fair chance in the promotions andraises. Increase in female employment and promotion opportunities fair to increasewomen’s income through the whole society, narrowing the gender pay gap. The mostimportant thing is to break the prejudice, in front of the employment opportunities andadvancement opportunities to achieve equality between men and women, not t oartificially enlarge the negative impact of the women’s family and socialresponsibility to provide employment and income to be more caring and moreinclusive, and the promotion of gender in society as a whole equality and harmonydevelopment.Chapter five is income gap in China with the consumption of the coupling effectsof the stimulating effect of the increase in income on consumption from two aspectsof time and space research, by the size of the impact of income levels andconsumption levels. Effectiveness research to stimulate consumption, increase incomefrom the time series on different time periods, with time distributed lag model, thefirst to study the relationship between the consumer and current income, after a studyof the consumer and pre-revenue relationship obtained current disposable incomeeach increased by one unit, make current consumption expenditures increasedapproximately0.623units; an income per one unit increase causes the currentconsumption of approximately0.278units; previous three income per increase by oneunit, causes the current consumption to reduce the conclusion of about0.125units. Inaddition to the difference of time on income and consumption relations, ourgeographical differences are more obvious, significantly different at different incomelevels in the region of the marginal propensity to consume. Empirical part first use ofthe data in the cluster analysis of the national and municipal, regional clustering ofmunicipalities per capita income and consumption, nine categories, according to theKeynesian consumption function model regression grouping of nine categories ofareas that our country residents the marginal propensity to consume income andincome relationship, the regression results show negative quadratic function of the form, function further forms of expression were fitted quadratic coefficient ispresented between the marginal propensity to consume and the income of Chineseresidents’ income, come to the goodness of fit is the best form of a cubic fu nction, andthis three function form can be used prior to a quadratic function on behalf into thedraw, the expression is credible. That analysis method to improve the income level ofresidents drawn mentioning a control, control commodity prices, increase the realpurchasing power of residents. At the same time, it should be concerned about thedifferent parts of the income gap under the premise to solve the problem of regionalincome gap and improve the common level of consumption of the whole society andeconomic development level.Chapter six is summary and research prospects, a summary of the full-textcontent, inadequacies study intends to improved methods, as well as the full text onthe basis of further research prospects.