Study On Land Ecological Evolution And Impact Assessment Of A Typical Plain Coal Mining Area

While promoting economic and social development, the exploitation andutilization of coal resources cause great damage to the ecology and environment ofmining area, which seriously constraints sustainable development of the economy andsociety. As coal energy demand continues to increase, the cumulative effect ofecological environment of coal mining area continues to strengthen. Ecological andenvironmental problems have become a major obstacle that restricts the sustainabledevelopment of mining area, even the regional ecological security. Comprehensivemanagement of mine ecological environment is extremely urgent. Based on the abovebackground, integrated using land use change science, the general principles andmethods of landscape ecology and ecological impact assessment, taking Jiawangmining area in Xuzhou as the case study, this thesis presents the spatial and temporalevolution characteristics of Mine land ecology and its drive mechanism using RemoteSensing （RS） and Geographic Information System （GIS） techniques. The thesis isjointly supported by Key Projects in the National Science&Technology PillarProgram during the Twelfth Five-year Plan Period （No.20121105006）, the Ministryof Land and Resources “commonweal special fund project”（No.2012110011,20121105006） and Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of JiangsuProvince （No. CXZZ11₀301）. Main contents of the thesis are listed as follows:（1） The paper elaborated on the concept, composition and succession laws ofmine ecosystem, from the perspective of complex ecological systems theory. Stress ofcoal mining on the land ecosystem is analyzed from the effect form, extent andcharacteristics. The thesis also elaborated on the relationship between land ecologicalquality and land quality, the content, indicators and methods of land ecological qualityassessment.（2） The features of earth surface object’s spectrum and optimum index factorwere used to fix Band combination of Landsat TM/ETM+in Jiawang. Land useclassification in Jiawang area was made through the synthetic method of both visualinterpretation and supervised classification based on the maximum likelihood method,and the accuracy evaluation was made. The results show that this classification method has higher accuracy, and the overall accuracy of the classification results foreach year is more than0.82.（3） With the supporting of GIS, land use dynamic degree, land use change rate,land use comprehensive index, Transfer matrix model, Information entropy of landuse structure, balanced degree and dominance degree were applied synthetically tostudy the spatial-temporal evolution of the land use from the process to the pattern indetail.（4） On the basis of the discussion of landscape pattern analysis method and scaleeffect, the paper proposed the landscape pattern spatial analysis process. Thecharacteristics of landscape pattern change of coal mining were analyzed based onlandscape metrics from the landscape level and the plaque type level.（5） With the advantages of the operability and variable strong explanatory, thelogistic regression model of land use change was constructed, which revealed thedrive mechanism of land use change from economic, social and spatial distancefactors.（6） On the basis of the study of N, P non-point source pollution at home andabroad, combining the sources and characteristics of non-point source pollution inmining area, the paper applied the SCS model to simulate the process of rainfall andrunoff of Jiawang mining area, and analyzed non-point source pollution outputresponse of land use change of coal mining in different periods.（7） The evaluation index system and the evaluation model was constructed formstability and disturbance level of land ecosystem by using the method of landscapeecology, and technical processes of landscape ecological quality evaluation wasproposed. The land ecological quality in Jiawang mining area was evaluated in1987-2010, and its changes were analyzed.