Habitat Quality Evaluation And Protection Management Of Giant Panda(Ailuropoda Melanoleuca Qinlingensis) In Foping Country Shaanxi Province

The giant panda(Ailuroplda melanoleuca) as our country unique rare and endangered wild animals enjoyed the "national treasure" and "living fossil" reputation. The giant panda as one of the most endangered of10kinds of wild animals has become our country and even the global biodiversity conservation flagship species. Its habitat protection level also becomes the symbol of the world wildlife protection level; its field survival state is of concern for all around the world. With the expansion of human activities the habitat to the survival of wild animals has become seriously fragmentation in recent decades. The giant pandas habitat is also severely reduction and fragmentation. To fully understand the interference and management situation of the giant pandas habitat in Qinling, seek the effective monitoring and management methods of the giant panda habitat, reduce the risk of extinction of the Qinling giant panda population, the relevant research was done to the Xinglongling populations that is most concentrated populations in Qinling areas. The giant panda habitat adaptability level and the status of the interference were studied and expected to give the basic data for the corresponding management measures. The main results were as follows:1. The field survey of field quadrats and transect line was done in Foping area Qinling Mountain in2011-2012years combined with the fourth time giant panda research projects. The quality assessment factor index system is determined according to the three necessary condition of the wild animals’survival:the food, the water and the concealment conditions. The GIS software was used to establish habitat suitability assessment model of the giant pandas according to the existing habitat impact factor. The results were verification making use of giant pandas active point. The results showed that most of the points fall in the area of higher habitat suitability. The Foping Nature Reserve suitable habitat area is much higher than the Guanyinshan Nature Reserve. This provided the basis for subsequent panda habitat management.2. The analysis of the giant panda habitat factors and suitability evaluation results showed that the key factors affecting the quality of the giant panda habitat is food resource distribution, such as the density of bamboo and bamboo forest patch size, etc.; another resource, including water will not cause great influence to the giant panda habitat. The habitat monitoring or management of the giant panda can only investigate evaluation the limiting factors which will save manpower and material resources.3. The habitat disturbance investigation of the giant panda was conducted in the field nearly two years in Foping. The result showed that there is little changed of human disturbance in years. The main types of human disturbance are the grazing and drug acquisition. Ecological tourism gradually becomes a major factor affecting the quality of habitat. Cutting bamboo and logging has received a good control. Interference information is mainly concentrated on either side of a highway or near residential areas. Human disturbance becomes one of the important factors of the giant panda habitat fragmentation. The geographic information system software was used to evaluate the disturbed conditions of giant pandas habitat. The results show that the human disturbance is seriously in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve than Foping Nature Reserve, especially in both sides of the108National Highway and the road of leads to Liangfengya protection station.4. The layer overlay function of GIS software was used to the habitat management evaluation of giant pandas combination the natural landscape and the status of the human interference. The results show that the management should focus on habitat quality is better but human disturbance is serious areas such as Liangfegnya and Sanguanmiao area in the future. The habitat corridor area and natural vegetation restoration and construction is the key of realized the giant panda genetic exchange between local populations. To reduce human disturbance is the key of the giant panda habitat management.5. The management suggestions were put forward according to our field investigation and management levels evaluate results. We should strengthen the monitoring and management in the giant pandas habitat and recover the forest and vegetation. A new relationship that human and the nature harmonious coexistence would form through reasonable development of ecotourism improving the local residents living conditions. It is the foundation of management to achieve effective protection of the natural habitat for giant pandas that the harmonious community co-management management measures.This study results show that the key factors of influencing the giant panda survival and development is the distribution of food resources and human disturbance in the habitat. The giant pandas are able to active avoidance the interference place. We should timely adjust the protection strategy according to the division results of giant panda habitat management level. We also made reduce human disturbance and recover natural vegetation landscape in the habitat. This study provides guidance and exemplary role for the future of wildlife habitat management and ecological monitoring.