Safe Evaluation Of Shanghai Unconventional Ingredients And Its Application

In order to develop Shanghai new unconventional ingredient and build CPM formulation software feed database, we sampled tofu residue, soy sauce pulp, rice distillers grains,soy straw, rice straw, corn silage,wheat straw and wild rye grass to AmericanDairyone Forage Testing Laboratory to analysis feed composition and nutrition. Analysis index included10conventional index (DM, CP, EE, NDF, ADF, Starch, Lignin, NFC, ESC, Ash),6energy index(TDN1X, DE1X, ME1X, NEL3X, NEM3X, NEG3X),2digestibility(24hIVTD,24hNDFD),7macroelements (DCAD, Ca, P, Mg, K, S, Na, Cl),5microelements(Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, MO),3N fraction (NDICP, ADICP, SP).Analysis showed tofu residue, soy sauce pulp, and rice distillers grains had high digestibility and energy, can be used as quality protein resource and can substitute for soybean meal;soy straw, rice straw, wheat straw had the similar composition of wild rye grass,and can replace each other.Other102unconventional ingredients were sent to Shanghai Institute of Dairy Cattle to test DM,CP, EE, NDF, ADF,NFC,Ca,P and Ash.Some also were tested true protein, suger,salt,K,NDICP and ADICP.Feed database were set up for future formulation.Survey of AFB1content in1098dairy cattle ingredientsample showed occurency rate was73.13%;1.64%feeds were was above the PRC action level of50μg/kg,3.83%feeds were above the WHO action level of15μg/kg,15.85%feeds were above the EU action level of5μg/kg.High level AFB1was founded in cotton seed and cotton seed meal.We analysed AFB1,ZON, DON, T-2, Fumonisin level in Some ingredients from trial dairy cattle farm. Analysis show AFB1content is20ug/kg, isn’t major contaminated mycotoxin,can’t cause AFM1is hgher than regulation upper limit.Other mycotoxins content is ZON100ug/kg, DON500ug/kg,T-280ug/kg, Fumonisin100ug/kg. These mycotoxins contamination is serious.So we addited mycotoxin binder "mycosorber" from ALLTECH CO.,Ltd. to experiment group to oberserv it’s effect. Experiment showed mycobinder increased milk yield1.56kg/d.head more, reduced SCC110,000/ml,no effect on milk protein and butter content.AFM1is0.008ug/L,much lower than regulation upper limit0.5ug/L. Mycotoxin binder has good response on milking performance.38type mycotoxins in Shanghai dairy cattle unconventional TMR (Total Mixed Ration) were tested by using UHPLC/UHPLC-MS/MS. This method can test38type mycotoxins in one time.Analysis showed7type mycotoxins were positive.This show mycotoxin comtamination is very complicated.Positive rate is18.42%.Each mycotoxin content is AFG2,28.66±8.87ug/kg, DON264.68±128.82ug/kg, HT-237.80±21.15ug/kg, Fumonisin B216.71±5.14ug/kg, Roquefortine C0.47±0.13ug/kg, Penicillic Acid56.80±5.20ug/kg, Ergometrine2.57±0.84ug/kg,respectively.These mycotoxins content were not too much highe.Feed Aflatoxin has many subtype,so we must test AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AFG2to know true Aflatoxin contamination,Milk Aflatoxin M1from cow feeded unconventional TMR is81.75±87.28ng/kg, is lowerer than upper limit of P.R.C. Regulation。In6month old heifer fermented TMR,We use invasive Spartina alterniflora to replace corn silage as forage,use soybean isolated protein byproduc,wet brewer grain to substitute for soybean meal,use barley to substitute for corn.Ration nutrition is the same as control ration. Experiment shows unconventional ration improve heifer height at6.7%more,gain at15.8%more,length at7.7%more and body weight at13.9%more,reduce ration cost246.5yuan RMB/t.This model is one of solution for crisis of feed,land and rapid cost increase.In middle lactation concentration,15%ground corn was substituted for wheat with xylanase.Wheat based group showed0.97kg/d.head more milk yield(equal to0.44kg4%FCM),0.2%more butter level,0.08%less protein level,no effect on ketosis rate and feces viscosity,more return3.15yuan RMB/d.head. Wheat and corn have good cooperation response.In peak lactation with help of CPM Dairy Ration Analyzer V3.0.8,without big nutrition chang,we used unconventional protein feed resource such as fresh tofu residue, rice distillers grains, low salt soysauce pulp,canola meal,slow realeased urea expand corn pellet to replace soybean meal and extrution soy;use steamed flaked wheat to substitute for Corn,use barley silage,fermented citrus pulp tea mix,rice straw to partly substitute for imported aflafal hay, oat hay and deyeuxia angustifolia. Unconventional TMR cost is18.45yuan/d.head RMB lower than conventional TMR cost, used less import feed from41.02%to15.33%, increased milk production0.81kg/d.head. Milk composition including butter,protein,lactose,solide,MUN has small change.Milk SCC has reduction.BHBA level is 0.85mmol/L,is the same as control group.ACAC is35.80mg/100ml, has small change.Ketone body content is normal in both two group.Compare to control group, T-AOC(5.82u/ml) and CAT(0.63u/ml) is higher.CAT level was different significantly(P<0.05).Level of SOD,GSH-PX is95.2u/ml,184.17u/ml respectively, lower than than of control group.Content of MDA, NO in serum is0.70nmol/ml,14.74nmol/ml respectively, lower than that of control group. Higher antioxidation capacity might be caused by fermented citrus pulp tea mix riched in antioxydative ingredients.