| The present study was conducted to investigate that the mycotoxin contamination situation of feedstuff in dairy cattle,which would be conducive to governing mycotoxin contamination and guaranteeing the safety of dairy products.During 2013 and 2014,we collected 1742 fodder samples(871 samples in 2013 and 871 samples in 2014),including corn,soybean meal,cottonseed meal,cottonseed,com silage and DDGS,in Shandong,Heilongjiang,Hebei,Jiangsu,Henan and Xinjiang provinces.The contents of aflatoxin(AFT),zearalenone(ZEN),vomitoxin(DON),fumitremorgin(FUM)and ochratoxin A(OTA)were measured useing HPLC-APCI-MS/MS.The survey in 2013 found that the contents of AFT,ZEN,DON,FUM and OTA in com were 8μg/kg,229μg/kg,1217 μg/kg,488μg/kg and 3μg/kg,respectively.From these,the contents of ZEN,DON and FUM were higher than limit,which were defined as"intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in soybean meal were 8μg/kg,187μg/kg,1136 μg/kg,261μg/kg and 16μg/kg,respectively;and the contents of ZEN and DON were higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in cottonseed meal were 16μg/kg,115μg/kg,1230 μg/kg,933μg/kg and 13μ林g/kg,respectively;and the contents of ZEN,DON and FUM were higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in cottonseed were 7μg/kg,91μg/kg,922 μg/kg,1318μg/kg and 7μg/kg,respectively;and the contents of DON and FUM were higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in corn silage were 4μg/kg,188μg/kg,1435μg/kg,752μg/kg and 6μg/kg,respectively;and the contents of ZEN,DON and FUM were higher than limit defined as"intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in DDGS were 21 μg/kg,1111μg/kg,285μg/kg,753μg/kg and 5μg/kg,respectively;and the contents of ZEN,ZEN and FUM were higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".Moreover,the situation of mycotoxin contamination showed obviously regional disparity.We found that the contamination of AFT in corn was serious in all districts expect in Shandong province and the contamination in Henan province was the most serious.The contamination of ZEN in Shandong province and DON in Jiangsu province also showed a serious situation.The survey in 2014 found that the contents of AFT,ZEN,DON,FUM and OTA in corn were 27μg/kg,398μg/kg,289 μg/kgμ1023μg/kg and 25μg/kg,respectively.From these,the content of DON was higher than limit,which was defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in soybean meal were 45μg/kg,218μg/kg,368μg/kg,1231 μg/kg and 36μpg/kg,respectively;and the content of DON was higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these my cotoxins in cottonseed meal were 45μg/kg,153μg/kg,407μg/kg,869μg/kg and 17μg/kg,respectively;and the contents of AFT,ZEN and FUM were higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in cottonseed were 47μg/kg,283μg/kg,383μg/kg,1532μg/kg and 65μg/kg,respectively;and the content of DON was higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in corn silage were 54μg/kg,372μg/kg,189μg/kg,783μg/kg and 28μg/kg,respectively;and the content of DON was higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".The contents of these mycotoxins in DDGS were 38μg/kg,375μg/kg,175μg/kg,1102μg/kg and 32μg/kg,respectively;and the content of DON was higher than limit defined as "intense pollution".Moreover,the situation of mycotoxin contamination showed obviously regional disparity.Taking an example of corn,we found that Heilongjiang province had the lightest contamination situation,which was not polluted by AFT;while the corn in Jiangsu province was hardly polluted by mycotoxins,especially the contamination of AFT,whose content was six times more than the maximum limit.In conclusion,the contamination situation of mycotoxins in fodder in dairy cattle was unoptimistic.In 2013,we found that the contamination situations of ZEN,DON and FUM were serious.In 2014,the situation of DON became better,but AFT,ZEN,and other contaminations still unoptimistic.Moreover,the situation of mycotoxin contamination showed obviously regional disparity.The contaminations in Jiangsu and Henan provinces showed worse situations than that in Heilongjiang,Xinjiang provinces in the northern districts. |
